Working alliance has been a focus of psychotherapy researchers for several decades in western literature. Bordin's (1979) proposition that working alliance, composed of three components, goal agreement, task agreement, and bond between the therapist and the client, is the most influential working alliance theory in this field. Moreover, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) developed on the basis of Bordin's theory has become the most widely used measure in the studies. However, all of the studies testing the structures of the WAI fail to ...