Peer-to-peer or P2P technology is a collaborative technology premised on individual users voluntarily making computer resources available, such as files and computing services. Nodes in the network play the role both of a client and a server. This paper firstly analyzed the characters of collaborative learning. Then it expounded the advantages of collaboration learning on peer-to-peer environment. Based on the analysis, the authors proposed some critical components of a P2P based collaborative learning system. Such as collaborative learning tools, learning group, teacher's role, etc. At last, ...