作者机构:
[Everett, D.; Liyanage, D.; Du, L.; McNelis, M.; Heinz, U.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;[Jacobs, P. M.; Mulligan, J.; Wang, X-N; Jacak, B., V; Ke, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA.;[Jacobs, P. M.; Oliinychenko, D.; Mulligan, J.; Wang, X-N; Jacak, B., V; Ke, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA.;[Fan, W.; Paquet, J-F; Xu, Y.; Dai, T.; Bass, S. A.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA.;[Putschke, J. H.; Kumar, A.; Vujanovic, G.; Majumder, A.; Shen, C.; Cao, S.; Tachibana, Y.; Sirimanna, C.; Soltz, R. A.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
摘要:
We study the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma with a multistage model of heavy-ion collisions that combines the TRENTo initial condition ansatz, free-streaming, viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, and a relativistic hadronic transport. A model-to-data comparison with Bayesian inference is performed, revisiting assumptions made in previous studies. The role of parameter priors is studied in light of their importance for the interpretation of results. We emphasize the use of closure tests to perform extensive validation of the analysis workflow before comparison with observations. Our study combines measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), achieving a good simultaneous description of a wide range of hadronic observables from both colliders. The selected experimental data provide reasonable constraints on the shear and the bulk viscosities of the quark-gluon plasma at T≈ 150–250 MeV, but their constraining power degrades at higher temperatures, T≳250 MeV. Furthermore, these viscosity constraints are found to depend significantly on how viscous corrections are handled in the transition from hydrodynamics to the hadronic transport. Several other model parameters, including the free-streaming time, show similar model sensitivity, while the initial condition parameters associated with the TRENTo ansatz are quite robust against variations of the particlization prescription. We also report on the sensitivity of individual observables to the various model parameters. Finally, Bayesian model selection is used to quantitatively compare the agreement with measurements for different sets of model assumptions, including different particlization models and different choices for which parameters are allowed to vary between RHIC and LHC energies.
摘要:
Neutron star mergers are believed to occur in accretion disks around supermassive black holes. Here we show that a putative jet launched from the merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) or a neutron star-black hole (NSBH) merger occurring at the migration trap in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) disk would be choked. The jet energy is deposited within the disk materials to power a hot cocoon. The cocoon is energetic enough to break out from the AGN disk and produce a bright X-ray shock breakout transient peaking at similar to 0.15 days after the merger. The peak luminosity is estimated as similar to 10(46) erg s(-1), which can be discovered by the Einstein Probe from z less than or similar to 0.5. Later on, the nonrelativistic ejecta launched from the merger would break out the disk, powering an X-ray/UV flare peaking at similar to 0.5 days after the merger. This second shock breakout signal may be detected by UV transient searches. The cocoon cooling emission and kilonova emission are outshone by the disk emission and are difficult to detect. Future joint observations of gravitational waves from BNS/NSBH mergers and associated two shock breakout signatures can provide strong support for the compact binary coalescence formation channel in AGN disks.
期刊:
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2021年36(1):1043-1053 ISSN:0885-8993
通讯作者:
Qu, Shaocheng
作者机构:
[Zhang, Hongrui; Zhao, Liang; Qu, Shaocheng; Xu, Wenjun] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Qu, Shaocheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Back electromotive force (back EMF);improved adaptive sliding mode observer (IASMO);sensorless control;surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM)
摘要:
In this article, a sensorless field-oriented vector control strategy combined with an improved adaptive sliding mode observer and a back electromotive force (back EMF) observer is presented for a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor. First, based on a sliding mode, a current adaptive observer with estimation of back EMF is proposed to obtain the error of the back EMF, which can reduce system chattering. Then, a back EMF observer based on the back EMF error is constructed to adaptively track the rotor speed and position, which avoids complicated computation. Moreover, the stability of two observers is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, some simulations and experiments are given to show that the proposed method can track the changes of rotor speed and position with good characters, such as fast convergence, little chattering, and good robustness.
作者机构:
[Ketel, T.; Mulder, M.; Tuning, N.; Hynds, D.; van Tilburg, J.; de Vries, J. A.; Veronesi, M.; Aaij, R.; Greim, R.; van Beuzekom, M.; Dufour, L.; Jans, E.; Bel, L. J.; Esen, S.; Dall'Occo, E.; Pellegrino, A.; Vitkovskiy, A.; Merk, M.; Archilli, F.; van Veghel, M.; Koppenburg, P.; Gras, C. Sanchez; Raven, G.; Sierra, C. Vazquez; Govorkova, E.; Kostiuk, I.; Benson, S.; Hulsbergen, W.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subat Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;[Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, R.; Massafferri, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; Soares Lavra, L.; Gomes, A.; Bediaga, I.; dos Reis, A. C.] CBPF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;[Lopes, J. H.; Polycarpo, E.; Souza De Paula, B.; Gandelman, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; De Paula, L.; Nasteva, I.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Amato, S.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;[Gao, Y.; Yang, Z.; Jiang, F.; Xu, A.; Ren, Z.; Tang, Z.; Xu, Z.; Wang, M.; Zhang, W. C.; Gu, C.; Sun, J.; Chen, C.; Zhu, X.; Davis, A.; Zhang, L.; Gan, Y.; Liu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.] Ihep, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Vieites Diaz, M.] U;Univ Santiago de Compostela, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
关键词:
QCD;Exotics;Tetraquark;Spectroscopy;Quarkonium;Particle and resonance production
作者机构:
[Bzdak, Adam] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.;[Esumi, ShinIchi] Univ Tsukuba, Tomonaga Ctr Hist Universe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.;[Koch, Volker; Xu, Nu] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;[Liao, Jinfeng] Indiana Univ, Phys Dept, 2401 N Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.;[Liao, Jinfeng] Indiana Univ, CEEM, 2401 N Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
通讯机构:
[Liao, Jinfeng] I;Indiana Univ, Phys Dept, 2401 N Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.;Indiana Univ, CEEM, 2401 N Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
会议名称:
PRPLC
关键词:
Heavy ion collision;Beam energy scan;QCD phase diagram;Critical point;Chiral magnetic effect
摘要:
We review the present status of the search for a phase transition and critical point as well as anomalous transport phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), with an emphasis on the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We present the conceptual framework and discuss the observables deemed most sensitive to a phase transition, QCD critical point, and anomalous transport, focusing on fluctuation and correlation measurements. Selected experimental results for these observables together with those characterizing the global properties of the systems created in heavy ion collisions are presented. We then discuss what can be already learned from the currently available data about the QCD critical point and anomalous transport as well as what additional measurements and theoretical developments are needed in order to discover these phenomena. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
期刊:
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2020年142(26):11417-11427 ISSN:0002-7863
通讯作者:
Qiu, Ming;Yu, Ying;Ren, Zhifeng
作者机构:
[Xiao, Qin; Huang, Chuqiang; Zhang, Wei; Yu, Ying; Yu, Luo; Shuai, Ling; Qiu, Ming] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Luo; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA.;[Yu, Luo; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Univ Houston TcSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA.;[Zhang, Jing; An, Pengfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Qiu, M; Yu, Y] C;[Ren, Zhifeng] U;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA.;Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Univ Houston TcSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
摘要:
Oxygen-bearing copper (OBC) has been widely studied for enabling the C-C coupling of the electrocatalytic CO(2) reduction reaction (CO(2)RR) since this is a distinctive hallmark of strongly correlated OBC systems and may benefit many other Cu-based catalytic processes. Unresolved problems, however, include the instability of and limited knowledge regarding OBC under realistic operating conditions, raising doubts about its role in CO(2)RR. Here, an atypical and stable OBC catalyst with a hierarchical pore and nanograin-boundary structure was constructed and was found to exhibit efficient CO(2)RR for the production of ethylene with a Faradaic efficiency of 45% at a partial current density of 44.7 mA cm(-2) in neutral media, and the ethylene partial current density is nearly 26 and 116 times that of oxygen-free copper (OFC) and commercial Cu foam, respectively. More importantly, the structure-activity relationship in CO(2)RR was explored through a comprehensive analysis of experimental data and computational techniques, thus increasing the fundamental understanding of CO(2)RR. A systematic characterization analysis suggests that atypical OBC (Cu(4)O) was formed and that it is stable even at -1.00 V [(vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)]. Density functional theory calculations show that the atypical OBC enables control over CO adsorption and dimerization, making it possible to implement a preference for the electrosynthesis of ethylene (C(2)) products. These results provide insight into the synthesis and structural characteristics of OBC as well as its interplay with ethylene selectivity.
作者机构:
[Ketel, T.; Tuning, N.; Hynds, D.; Perez, D. H. Campora; Usachov, A.; Hart, R.; Kuindersma, H. S.; de Vries, J. A.; Heijhoff, K.; Veronesi, M.; Aaij, R.; Snoch, A.; Greim, R.; van Beuzekom, M.; Martinez, M. Lucio; Kostiuk, I; Jans, E.; Esen, S.; Pellegrino, A.; Vitkovskiy, A.; Merk, M.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; van Veghel, M.; Butter, J. S.; Koppenburg, P.; Akiba, K. Carvalho; Gras, C. Sanchez; Raven, G.; Sole, S. Ferreres; Sierra, C. Vazquez; Govorkova, E.; Schubiger, M.; Benson, S.; Hulsbergen, W.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subat Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;[Massafferri, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; Gomes, A.; Torres Machado, D.; dos Reis, A. C.; Bediaga, I] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis CBPF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;[Lopes, J. H.; Polycarpo, E.; Souza De Paula, B.; Gandelman, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Gbel, C.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Hicheur, A.; Nasteva, I; Sellam, S.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; De Paula, L.; Amato, S.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;[Yang, Z.; Cai, H.; Jiang, F.; Fan, J.; Liu, G.; Ren, Z.; Xu, L.; Tang, Z.; Li, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Hu, J.; Zhang, W. C.; Gu, C.; Xing, H.; Chen, C.; Zhu, X.; Sun, L.; Luo, Y.; Mu, H.; Zeng, M.; Zhang, L.; Gan, Y.; Liu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Y.; Zhang, S.; Xu, A.; Xu, Z.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Sch Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
期刊:
Neural Computing and Applications,2020年32(17):13505-13520 ISSN:0941-0643
通讯作者:
Xiong, Zhili
作者机构:
[Xiong, Zhili; Zhao, Liang; Qu, Shaocheng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Zhili] Huanggang Normal Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Huanggang 438000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Xiong, Zhili] C;[Xiong, Zhili] H;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Huanggang Normal Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Huanggang 438000, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs);Internet of Things (IoT);Cross-layer congestion control;Fuzzy sliding mode control;NS-2
摘要:
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) act as a building block of Internet of Things and have been used in various applications to sense environment and transmit data to the Internet. However, WSNs are very vulnerable to congestion problem, resulting in higher packet loss ratio, longer delay and lower throughput. To address this issue, this paper presents a fuzzy sliding mode congestion control algorithm (FSMC) for WSNs. Firstly, by applying the signal-to-noise ratio of wireless channel to TCP model, a new cross-layer congestion control model between transmission layer and MAC layer is proposed. Then, by combining fuzzy control with sliding mode control (SMC), a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) is designed, which adaptively regulates the queue length of buffer in congested nodes and significantly reduces the impact of external uncertain disturbance. Finally, numerous simulations are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and NS-2.35 by comparing with traditional control strategies such as fuzzy, PID and SMC, which show that the proposed FSMC effectively adapts to the change of queue length and has good performance, such as rapid convergence, lower average delay, less packet loss ratio and higher throughput.
作者机构:
[Zhang, Hongrui; Qu, Shaocheng; Luo, Jing; Xu, Wenjun] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Li, Huan] Army Special Operat Coll, Dept Special Technol, Guilin 541000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Qu, Shaocheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Shadow elimination;HSV;region growth;UESILTP
摘要:
Moving shadow elimination plays an important role in the field of moving object detection. However, the accuracy of shadow elimination is an open question, due to illumination and complex texture. Furthermore, the problem of misclassification of moving object caused by shadow has also become increasingly serious. To address this problem, this paper presents a moving shadow elimination algorithm based on the fusion of multi-feature pattern, which can enhance the accuracy of moving object detection system. In this approach, a dual-channel HSV color space feature and a uniform extended scale invariant local ternary pattern (UESILTP) texture feature are synthesized to elimination shadow. It greatly overcomes the misjudgment of dark object by color feature and the false detection caused by inconspicuous texture characteristics of moving object. Meantime, a method of region growth is adopted to fill the existing cavities in the color space. Finally, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art methods show that the algorithm is effective.
作者:
Alimena, Juliette*;Beacham, James;Borsato, Martino;Cheng, Yangyang;Vidal, Xabier Cid;...
期刊:
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS,2020年47(9):090501 ISSN:0954-3899
通讯作者:
Alimena, Juliette
作者机构:
[Alimena, Juliette; Hill, Christopher S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;[Beacham, James] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, 120 Sci Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA.;[Borsato, Martino] Heidelberg Univ, Phys Inst, Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.;[Cheng, Yangyang; McDermott, Kevin] Cornell Univ, 245 East Ave, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.;[Vidal, Xabier Cid] U Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias, IGFAE, Rua Xoaquin Diaz Rabago S-N, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
通讯机构:
[Alimena, Juliette] O;Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
关键词:
beyond the Standard Model;long-lived particles;Large Hadron Collider;high-luminosity LHC;collider phenomenology;high-energy collider experiments
摘要:
Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments --- as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER --- to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the High-Luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity "dark showers", highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
作者机构:
[Bazavov, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Computat Math Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;[Bazavov, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;[Ding, H-T; Li, S-T; Kaczmarek, O.] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Ding, H-T; Li, S-T; Kaczmarek, O.] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Hegde, R.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr High Energy Phys, Bangaluru 560012, India.
通讯机构:
[Bazavov, A.] M;Michigan State Univ, Dept Computat Math Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
摘要:
We present results for pseudo-critical temperatures of QCD chiral crossovers at zero and non-zero values of baryon (B), strangeness (S), electric charge (Q), and isospin (I) chemical potentials mu(X=B,Q,S,I). The results were obtained using lattice QCD calculations carried out with two degenerate up and down dynamical quarks and a dynamical strange quark, with quark masses corresponding to physical values of pion and kaon masses in the continuum limit. By parameterizing pseudo-critical temperatures as T-c(mu(x)) = T-c(0)[1-kappa(X)(2)(mu(X)/T-c(0))(2) - kappa(X)(4)(mu(X)/T-c(0))(4)], we determined kappa(X)(2) and kappa(X)(4) from Taylor expansions of chiral observables in mu(X). We obtained a precise result for T-c(0) = (156.5 +/- 1.5) MeV. For analogous thermal conditions at the chemical freeze-out of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, i.e., mu(S)(T, mu(B)) and mu(Q)(T, mu(B)) fixed from strangeness-neutrality and isospin-imbalance, we found kappa(B)(2) = 0.012(4) and kappa(B)(4) = 0.000(4). For mu(B) less than or similar to 300 MeV, the chemical freeze-out takes place in the vicinity of the QCD phase 4 boundary, which coincides with the lines of constant energy density of 0.42(6) GeV/fm(3) and constant entropy density of 3.7(5) fm(-3). (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
作者机构:
[Jia, Ya; Liu, Ying; Xu, Ying] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Biophys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China;[Jia, Ya; Liu, Ying; Xu, Ying] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China;[Ma, Jun] Lanzhou Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, Peoples R China;[Ma, Jun] Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, Chongqing 430065, Peoples R China;[Ma, Jun] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Math, NAAM Res Grp, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
通讯机构:
[Jia, Ya] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Biophys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Hybrid neuronal model;electrical activity mode;external signal stimulus;electromagnetic radiation;bifurcation and chaos analysis
摘要:
Based on a hybrid neuronal model of the Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) model (the slow negative feedback dynamics) with the Wilson model (the fast variable dynamics), the discharge modes of neurons are studied by using bifurcation analysis. When the hybrid neuronal model is driven by external stimulus current, the hybrid neuronal model is capable of simulating an extensive range of bursting patterns with different systemic parameters. With the increase of external stimulus, the multiple discharge patterns of neurons arise, and the electrical modes of the neurons appear for successive transitions. When the hybrid neuronal model is driven by electromagnetic induction, the electrical activities of the neurons have different responses to the variations in the amplitude and the angular frequency of high and low frequency electromagnetic radiations. It is found that the neuronal discharge activity is transformed from chaotic state to periodic state by increasing the angular frequency, and the firing pattern of neuron can be shifted from the bursting state to chaotic state by increasing the amplitude of the low frequency signal.
摘要:
The nervous system is made of a large number of neurons. Time-varying balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons is important to activate appropriate modes of electrical activity. A realistic biological neuron is complex, often presenting various electrophysiological activities and diffusive propagation of ions in the cell. Therefore, the physical effects of electromagnetic induction become very important and should be considered when estimating signal encoding and mode selection. Synaptic plasticity and anatomical structure have been developed to enhance the self-adaption of neurons. Thus, the electrical mode with the most effective links and weights can be selected to benefit information encoding and signal propagation between neurons in the network. As a result, the demand for metabolic energy can be greatly reduced. In this review, neuron model setting with biophysical effects, modulation of astrocytes, autapse formation and biological function, synaptic plasticity, memristive synapses, and field coupling between neurons and networks are reviewed briefly to provide guidance in the field of neurodynamics.