摘要：
Industrial land serves as the fundamental basis for urban economic development and significantly contributes to carbon emissions. Effective market mechanisms are crucial for reducing carbon emissions. As such, investigating the impact of market-oriented allocation of industrial land (MAIL) on carbon emissions and its pathways is of substantial practical importance for global low-carbon development. This study constructs a theoretical framework examining the influence of MAIL on carbon emissions, focusing on 285 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2020. The spatial econometric model is employed to analyze the impact of MAIL on carbon emissions. The results show that: first, from a national perspective, MAIL not only reduces carbon emissions within a region but also in neighboring regions. Higher MAIL leads to more effective carbon emission reductions, which are persistent and hysteresis in time. Path analysis demonstrates that MAIL reduces carbon emissions by promoting industrial upgrading and technological innovation. Second, there are differences in the timeliness of carbon emission reduction effects in cities of different scales and regions. For cities of different scales, the carbon reduction effect of MAIL is more stable in large and medium cities compared to megacities and small cities, but in the short term, MAIL will hinder the industrial upgrading of megacities and thus is not conducive to carbon reduction. For different regional cities, the carbon reduction effect of MAIL is more stable in other regions except northeast region, and in the short term, MAIL will inhibit technological innovation in northeast region, which is not conducive to carbon reduction. Consequently, it is essential not only to design a top-level reform plan for MAIL in China but also to establish differentiated reform policies for MAIL, tailored to the unique characteristics of cities with different scales and regions, to effectively reduce carbon emissions.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of telemedicine with the aim of improving the primary medical service capacity and public medical conditions in remote areas of China. METHODS: A three-dimensional analytical framework was built to analyze the rationality of existing national telemedicine policies, providing valuable insights for the future construction and formulation of telemedicine policy. In total, 271 telemedicine policy documents with 537 policy clauses in relation to telemedicine were identified, and they are subjected to a rigorous analysis from the perspectives of policy instrument, telemedicine development stage, and telemedicine development element. RESULTS: China's telemedicine policies have grown rapidly since 1997 and gradually moved towards exploratory stage (9/551, 1.68%), normative stage (93/551, 17.62%), mature stage (239/551, 44.51%), and rapid growth stage (196/551, 36.50%). Meanwhile, the types of telemedicine policy instruments adopted include mandatory tools (360/551, 61.71%), voluntary tools (82/551, 14.88%), information tools (74/551, 13.43%), and economic tools (55/551, 9.98%). The majority of telemedicine policies were related to platform construction, accounting for 45.07% (242/537), while telemedicine policies relating to service operation (20.67%, 111/537), service application (20.86%, 112/537), and organizational management (13.41%, 72/537) were comparatively less. CONCLUSION: China's policy instruments have developed from simplification to diversification, from relative imbalance to equilibrium, and the balance between the vertical and horizontal objectives of the policy have also strengthened. However, some policy tools are improperly applied at the policy stage, and there is still room for improvement in the allocation of policy elements.
作者机构：
[Chen, Cheng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Publ Adm, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Peng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Econ & Business Adm, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wen, Peng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Econ & Business Adm, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
期刊：
The Scientific World Journal,2014年2014:810782 ISSN：2356-6140
通讯作者：
Zhang, Hailin
作者机构：
[Dai, Shengli] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Publ Management, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Shengli] Cent China Normal Univ, Local Governance & Local Dev Res Ctr Hubei, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hailin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hailin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Urban & Environm Sci, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Hailin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Urban & Environm Sci, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Based on Theory of Evidence and reviewing research papers concerned, a concept model of knowledge sharing network among industrial cluster firms, which can be applied to assess knowledge sharing capacity, has been built. Next, the authors create a set of assessment index systems including twelve subindexes under four principle indexes. In this study, ten experts in the same field were invited to score all the indexes of knowledge sharing capacity concerning one certain industrial cluster. The research result shows relatively high knowledge network sharing capacity among the certain industrial cluster firms. Another conclusion is that the assessment method with Theory of Evidence is feasible to conduct such a research.
