摘要：
The toxicity of microplastics (MPs) to aquatic organisms has been extensively studied recently. However, few studies have investigated the effects of MPs in sediments on aquatic ecosystem functioning. In the present study, we conducted an in situ experiment to explore the concentration-dependent effects (0.025%, 0.25%, 2.5%) and size-dependent effects (150-300 μm and 500-1000 μm) of polypropylene microplastics (PP MPs) on Vallisneria natans litter decomposition dynamics, in particular, the process associated with macroinvertebrates, microorganisms, as well as microalgae and/or cyanobacteria. The results showed that exposure to high concentrations and large sizes of PP MPs can accelerate leaf litter biomass loss and nutrition release. Moreover, microbial respiration, microalgal and/or cyanobacteria chlorophyll-a were also significantly affected by PP MPs. However, PP MPs have no effect on the abundance of associated macroinvertebrate during the experiment, despite the collection of five macroinvertebrate taxa from two functional feeding groups (i.e., collectors and scrapers). Therefore, our experiment demonstrated that PP MPs may enhance leaf litter decomposition through effected microbial metabolic activity, microalgal and/or cyanobacteria biomass in the sedimentary lake. Overall, our findings highlight that PP MPs have the potential to interfere with the basic ecological functions such as plant litter decomposition in aquatic environments.
作者机构：
[Wang, Ruiqi; Li, Yingcan] Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of the Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;[Jiao, Hengwu] School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[Sin, Simon Yung Wa] School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;[Rossiter, Stephen J] School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;[Zhao, Huabin] Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of the Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: huabinzhao@whu.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Huabin Zhao] K;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
摘要：
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development and regulate many important agronomic traits. However, the functions of BRs in strawberry are unclear. This study identified two mutants, named P6 and R87, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from EMS mutagenesis populations that exhibit narrow leaves, petals and sepals. Mapping by sequencing and genetic studies revealed that the F. vesca CYP734A129, encoding a putative BR catabolic enzyme, is the causative gene for both P6 and R87. Overexpression of CYP734A129 in both F. vesca and Arabidopsis causes a severe dwarf phenotype, and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) protein is less abundant in the CYP734A129-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings. This suggests that CYP734A129 is functionally conserved with CYP734A1, as a BR-inactivating enzyme. Transcriptome analysis of young leaves revealed that four BR biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in P6 (cyp734a129), and photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched among the up-regulated genes in P6 compared to the wild type. This further supports that CYP734A129 inactivates BRs in F. vesca. Furthermore, we showed that mutations in CYP734A129 do not affect fruit shape and color during ripening in strawberry. Overall, our results suggest that F. vesca CYP734A129 is a BR catabolic enzyme, and provide insights into the roles of CYP734A129 in strawberry.
作者机构：
[Yang, Decai; Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Li, Chenxi; Nie, Guohui; Yang, DC; Fang, Xueyang] Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Inst Translat Med,Guangdong Key Lab Biome, Shenzhen 518035, Peoples R China.;[Lo, Wai-Sum; Wong, Wing-Tak; Lui, Kwok-Ho; Gu, Yanjuan; Li, Xin; Wong, WT; Fang, Xueyang; Gu, YJ] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xianlin] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Shenzhen Hosp, Canc Ctr, Shenzhen 518000, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xianlin] Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Clin Med, Guangzhou 510632, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Lijun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, B ; Yang, DC] S;[Jiang, LJ ] C;[Gu, YJ; Wong, WT ] H;Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Inst Translat Med,Guangdong Key Lab Biome, Shenzhen 518035, Peoples R China.;Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Dual single-atom catalysts;Tumor microenvironment;H2O2 activation;Hypoxia alleviation;Synergistic cancer therapy
摘要：
Tumor therapy employing metal-based nanomaterials to convert the abundant H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) to oxygen (O2) and hydroxy radical (& BULL;OH) has attracted substantial attention. However, the generally complex structure of metal nanosystems may have poor catalytic selectivity towards the target and hence cause undesired side reactions. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high atomic utilization, composition of identical active site and tunable reaction pathway can be harnessed to realize the well-controlled and highly-selective conversion of H2O2 for cancer therapy. Herein, a series of dual single-atom catalysts (DSACs) containing two metal centers (Fe-Se6, Mn-Se6) are proposed. As guided by theoretical calculations, DSACs with equal proportions of Fe and Mn (termed as Fe/Mn@PSe3) exhibit the optimal reaction barriers towards the production of both & BULL;OH and O2 by catalyzing H2O2. In response to the elevated TME H2O2, Fe/Mn@PSe3 can produce & BULL;OH to trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and boost O2 generation to alleviate tumor hypoxia and its mediated immunosuppression. In addition, its mild hyperthermia feature enhances the anti-tumor effects of CDT and immune therapy, causing an efficient synergistic tumor suppression outcome. The study provides new insights into highly selective nanomaterial design that preferentially activating specific catalytic processes within tumor, functioning as promising candidates for cancer therapy.
期刊：
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2023年194:105516 ISSN：0048-3575
通讯作者：
Yang, Yongbo;Liu, KY
作者机构：
[Xia, Zhichao; Liu, Kaiyu; Wei, Wei; Wang, Haixia; Yang, Yongbo; Pan, Shuang; Liu, Leilei] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Wei; Liu, Leilei] Wuhan Univ Bioengn, Appl Biotechnol Ctr, Wuhan 430415, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ling] Inst Hubei Agr Acad, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Yutao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.;[Bravo, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Apdo Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico.
通讯机构：
[Yang, YB; Liu, KY ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Entomol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ABCC2 promoter;Bacillus thuringiensis;GATAe factor;Helicoverpa armigera;Regulation of gene expression
摘要：
Helicoverpa armigera is a worldwide pest that has been efficiently controlled by transgenic plants expressing Bt Cry toxins. To exert toxicity, Cry toxins bind to different receptors located in larval midgut cells. Previously, we reported that GATA transcription factor GATAe activates the expression of multiple H. armigera Cry1Ac receptors in different insect cell lines. Here, the mechanism involved in GATAe regulation of HaABCC2 gene expression, a key receptor of Cry1Ac, was analyzed. HaGATAe gene silencing by RNAi in H. armigera larvae confirmed the activation role of HaGATAe on the expression of HaABCC2 in the midgut. The contribution of all potential GATAe-binding sites was analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis using Hi5 cells expressing a reporter gene under regulation of different modified HaABCC2 promoters. DNA pull-down assays revealed that GATAe bound to different predicted GATA-binding sites and mutations of the different GATAe-binding sites identified two binding sites responsible for the promoter activity. The binding site B9, which is located near the transcription initiator site, has a major contribution on HaABCC2 expression. Also, DNA pull-down assays revealed that all other members of GATA TF family in H. armigera, besides GATAe, HaGATAa, HaGATAb, HaGATAc and HaGATAd also bound to the HaABCC2 promoter and decreased the GATAe dependent promoter activity. Finally, the potential participation in the regulation of HaABCC2 promoter of several TFs other than GATA TFs expressed in the midgut cells was analyzed. HaHR3 inhibited the GATAe dependent activity of the HaABCC2 promoter, while two other midgut-related TFs, HaCDX and HaSox21, also bound to the HaABCC2 promoter region and increased the GATAe dependent promoter activity. All these data showed that GATAe induces HaABCC2 expression by binding to HaGATAe binding sites in the promoter region and that additional TFs participate in modulating the HaGATAe-driven expression of HaABCC2.
期刊：
Food and Chemical Toxicology,2023年173:113642 ISSN：0278-6915
通讯作者：
Mingqing Chen
作者机构：
[Xu, Ke; Chen, Mingqing; Han, Qi; Wang, Xuan; Gao, Xiao; Wei, Zhaolan; Wang, Yunyi; Wang, Shuwei] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Mingqing Chen] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
作者机构：
Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;[Shuang-Quan Huang; Ze-Yu Tong] Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[Ling-Yun Wu] Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
通讯机构：
[Shuang-Quan Huang; Ze-Yu Tong] I;Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
摘要：
Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the environment. Here, we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species (i.e., selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous) represent distinct adaptive strategies to increase reproductive success in changing alpine environments. To answer this question, we determined how spatial and temporal factors (e.g., elevation and peak flowering time) affect reproductive success (i.e., stigmatic pollen load) in nine wild Fagopyrum species (seven distylous and two homostylous) among 28 populations along an elevation gradient of 1299–3315 m in the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. We also observed pollinators and conducted hundreds of hand pollinations to investigate inter/intra-morph compatibility, self-compatibility and pollen limitation in four Fagopyrum species (two distylous and two homostylous). We found that Fagopyrum species at higher elevation generally had bigger flowers and more stigmatic pollen loads; late-flowering individuals had smaller flowers and lower pollen deposition. Stigmatic pollen deposition was more variable in distylous species than in homostylous species. Although seed set was not pollen-limited in all species, we found that fruit set was much lower in distylous species, which rely on frequent pollinator visits, than in homostylous species capable of autonomous self-pollination. Our findings that pollination success increases at high elevations and decreases during the flowering season suggest that distylous and homostylous species have spatially and temporally distinct reproductive strategies related to environment-dependent pollinator activity.
作者机构：
[Mao, Bin; Chen, Meng-Yan; Wang, Qian; Shen, Wei; Li, Chao; Wang, Yu-Feng; Zheng, Ya; Duan, Xin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YF ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Ocnus;Drosophila melanogaster;Proteomics;Phosphoproteomics;Testis development
摘要：
Testis is the only organ supporting sperm production and with the largest number of proteins and tissue-specific proteins in animals. In our previous studies, we have found that knockdown of ocnus (ocn), a testis-specific gene, resulted in much smaller testis with no germ cells in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the molecular consequences of ocn knockdown in fly testes are unknown. In this study, through iTRAQ quantitative proteomics sequencing, 606 proteins were identified from fly abdomens as having a significant and at least a 1.5-fold change in expression after ocn knockdown in fly testes, of which 85 were up-regulated and 521 were down-regulated. Among the differential expressed proteins (DEPs), apart from those proteins involved in spermatogenesis, the others extensively affected biological processes of generation of precursor metabolites and energy, metabolic process, and mitochondrial transport. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses of DEPs showed that several kinases and/or phosphatases interacted with Ocn. Re-analyses of the transcriptome revealed 150 differential expressed genes (DEGs) appeared in the DEPs, and their changing trends in expressions after ocn knockdown were consistent. Many common down-regulated DEGs and DEPs were testis-specific or highly expressed in the testis of D. melanogaster. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed 12 genes appeared in both DEGs and DEPs were significantly down-regulated after ocn knockdown in fly testes. Furthermore, 153 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPPs), including 72 up-regulated and 94 down-regulated phosphorylated proteins were also identified (13 phosphoproteins appeared in both up- and down-regulated groups due to having multiple phosphorylation sites). In addition to those DEPPs associated with spermatogenesis, the other DEPPs were enriched in actin filament-based process, protein folding, and mesoderm development. Some DEPs and DEPPs were involved in Notch, JAK/STAT, and cell death pathways. Given the drastic effect of the ocn knockdown on tissue development and testis cells composition, the differences in protein abundance in the ocn knockdown flies might not necessarily be the direct result of differential gene regulation due to the inactivation of ocn. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the expression of ocn is essential for Drosophila testis development and that its down-regulation disturbs key signaling pathways related to cell survival and differentiation. These DEPs and DEPPs identified may provide significant candidate set for future studies on the mechanism of male reproduction of animals, including humans.
摘要：
Understanding trophic niche differentiation is critical for exploring interspecific competition and stable coexistence among morphologically similar sympatric species. Bats are an ideal model for studying trophic niche differentiation among species because of their high taxonomic and ecological diversities, as well as their special life history traits. Although many factors can affect bat trophic niches, few studies have combined multiple factors to investigate the influences on bat trophic niches. In this study, we analyzed the summer diet and potential influencing factors of five sympatric rhinolophid bats in southwestern China: Rhinolophus macrotis, Rhinolophus osgoodi, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus affinis, and Rhinolophus pusillus. All five species mainly fed on Lepidopteran and Dipteran insects, with a large trophic niche breadth for each species and a low degree of dietary overlap. With the exception of R. affinis and R. pusillus, significant differences in diet composition were detected among species, which indicated relatively low interspecific competition. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that both echolocation calls and body size significantly affected interspecific diet differentiation, while wing morphology and bite force had relatively weak effects. This study suggests that the combined effects of multiple factors may drive trophic niche differentiation among five rhinolophid bat species in the study area.
期刊：
American Journal of Botany,2023年110(6) ISSN：0002-9122
通讯作者：
Huang, SQ
作者机构：
[Huang, Shuang-Quan; Huang, SQ; Hao, Kai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Hao, Kai] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Plant Resources Conservat & Sustainable Ut, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China.;[Fang, Qiang] Henan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Agr, Luoyang 471003, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, SQ ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Caryophyllaceae;conspecific pollen limitation;generalized flower;heterospecific pollen deposition;pollen fitness;pollen species diversity;seed set;Silene;tolerance and avoidance strategy
摘要：
Abstract Premise Co‐flowering species that have not evolved an avoidance mechanism may have tolerance to heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition as an adaptive strategy to minimize any deleterious effects of HP transfer, but empirical evidence for the tolerance hypothesis remains scarce. Methods To estimate the potential effects of heterospecific pollen deposition (HPD) on female reproductive success, we counted conspecific (CP) and HP pollen grains deposited on stigmas and assessed subsequent seed set of both open‐ and hand‐pollinated flowers in three co‐flowering Silene species with exposed stigmas that usually received numerous HP grains on the elongated receptive area. Results The percentage of HP grains per flower (HP%) varied from 16.6% to 43.0% among three species. Silene chungtienensis had lower HP%, and the CP‐HP relationship was neutral; S. gracilicaulis and S. yunnanensis had a relatively higher HP% with a positive CP‐HP relationship. The effects of CP and HP number on natural seed set were positive for all three species, but HP% had stronger negative effects in S. chungtienensis and S. gracilicaulis. In hand‐pollinated flowers of the three Silene species, seed set did not decrease with HP whether CP was in excess or insufficient, indicating no negative effects of HPD on seed production. Conclusions Consistent with the tolerance hypothesis, our results indicated that species with higher HP interference are likely to be tolerant to an increase in HP%. These species with generalist‐pollinated flowers and exposed large stigmas may benefit from an increase of conspecific pollen deposition, despite the associated increase in heterospecific pollen deposition.
作者：
Ye, Zhiqiang;Pfrender, Michael E;Lynch, Michael
期刊：
Genome Biology and Evolution,2023年15(11) ISSN：1759-6653
通讯作者：
Zhiqiang Ye
作者机构：
[Ye, Zhiqiang] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation & Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[Pfrender, Michael E] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA;[Lynch, Michael] Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
通讯机构：
[Zhiqiang Ye] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China
关键词：
Daphnia;hybridization;linkage disequilibrium;local adaptation;population genomics;recombination;sister species
摘要：
Studies of closely related species with known ecological differences provide exceptional opportunities for understanding the genetic mechanisms of evolution. In this study, we compared population-genomics data between Daphnia pulex and Daphnia pulicaria, two reproductively compatible sister species experiencing ecological speciation, the first largely confined to intermittent ponds and the second to permanent lakes in the same geographic region. Daphnia pulicaria has lower genome-wide nucleotide diversity, a smaller effective population size, a higher incidence of private alleles, and a substantially more linkage disequilibrium than D. pulex. Positively selected genes in D. pulicaria are enriched in potentially aging-related categories such as cellular homeostasis, which may explain the extended life span in D. pulicaria. We also found that opsin-related genes, which may mediate photoperiodic responses, are under different selection pressures in these two species. Genes involved in mitochondrial functions, ribosomes, and responses to environmental stimuli are found to be under positive selection in both species. Additionally, we found that the two species have similar average evolutionary rates at the DNA-sequence level, although approximately 160 genes have significantly different rates in the two lineages. Our results provide insights into the physiological traits that differ within this regionally sympatric sister-species pair that occupies unique microhabitats.
作者：
Ye, Zhiqiang;Wei, Wen;Pfrender, Michael E;Lynch, Michael
期刊：
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,2023年40(11) ISSN：0737-4038
通讯作者：
Zhiqiang Ye
作者机构：
[Ye, Zhiqiang] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation & Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[Wei, Wen; Lynch, Michael] Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;[Pfrender, Michael E] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
通讯机构：
[Zhiqiang Ye] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation & Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , China
摘要：
The field of genomics has ushered in new methods for studying molecular-genetic variation in natural populations. However, most population-genomic studies still rely on small sample sizes (typically, <100 individuals) from single time points, leaving considerable uncertainties with respect to the behavior of relatively young (and rare) alleles and, owing to the large sampling variance of measures of variation, to the specific gene targets of unusually strong selection. Genomic sequences of ∼1,700 haplotypes distributed over a 10-year period from a natural population of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex reveal evolutionary-genomic features at a refined scale, including previously hidden information on the behavior of rare alleles predicted by recent theory. Background selection, resulting from the recurrent introduction of deleterious alleles, appears to strongly influence the dynamics of neutral alleles, inducing indirect negative selection on rare variants and positive selection on common variants. Temporally fluctuating selection increases the persistence of nonsynonymous alleles with intermediate frequencies, while reducing standing levels of variation at linked silent sites. Combined with the results from an equally large metapopulation survey of the study species, classes of genes that are under strong positive selection can now be confidently identified in this key model organism. Most notable among rapidly evolving Daphnia genes are those associated with ribosomes, mitochondrial functions, sensory systems, and lifespan determination.
摘要：
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Morphological matching between flower and pollinator traits has been documented in diverse plant lineages. Indeed, the matching of corolla-tube length and pollinator-tongue length has been cited repeatedly as a classic case of coevolution. However, there are many possible evolutionary routes to trait matching. Our aim here is both to review the evolutionary mechanisms of plant-pollinator trait matching and to investigate a specific case of trait matching/mismatching in a genus of alpine gingers. METHODS: Roscoea gingers with long corolla tubes in the western Himalayas have pollinators with correspondingly long tongues, but the match between corolla-tube and pollinator-tongue lengths is not seen in the eastern Himalayas. Six floral traits were measured, including corolla-tube depth, an internal trait controlling pollinator access to nectar. We calculated coefficients of variation (CVs) and phylogenetically controlled correlation patterns of these traits in six Roscoea species in order to gain possible insights into stabilizing selection and modularization of these traits. KEY RESULTS: The distal (nectar-containing) portion of the corolla tube exhibited lower CVs that did the basal portion. This is consistent with the hypothesis that pollinators mediate stabilizing selection on the distal, but not basal, portion of the corolla tube. This result, combined with phylogenetic data, suggests that the elevated liquid level of nectar in the distal tube evolved subsequent to dispersal into the eastern Himalayan region and loss of long-tongue pollinators. After accounting for phylogeny, corolla-tube length, anther length, style length, and labellum width were all intercorrelated. Corolla-tube depth was not part of this covariational module, however, suggesting separate adaptation to short-tongued pollinators. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in functional corolla-tube depth in the Roscoea appears to be related to the loss of long-tongue pollinators associated with dispersal to the eastern Himalayas and pollination by short-tongued pollinators. The apparent mismatch between floral tubes and pollinator tongues is a case of cryptic trait matching between flowers and pollinators, underscoring the importance of combining floral anatomy with pollination ecology, in assessing plant-pollinator trait matching.
通讯机构：
[Xie, GS ] H;[Zhang, ZF ] C;Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
de novo fatty acid synthesis;fibrillin 7;galactolipids;KAS I;plastoglobule;rice
摘要：
Plastoglobules (PGs) contiguous with the outer leaflets of thylakoid membranes regulate lipid metabolism, plastid developmental transitions, and responses to environmental stimuli. However, the function of OsFBN7, a PG-core fibrillin gene in rice, has not been elucidated. Using molecular genetics and physiobiochemical approaches, we observed that OsFBN7 overexpression promoted PG clustering in rice chloroplasts. OsFBN7 interacted with two KAS I enzymes, namely OsKAS Ia and OsKAS Ib, in rice chloroplasts. Lipidomic analysis of chloroplast subcompartments, including PGs in the OsFBN7 overexpression lines, confirmed that levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), a chloroplast lipid precursor and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the main chloroplast membrane lipids, were increased in PGs and chloroplasts. Furthermore, OsFBN7 enhanced the abundances of OsKAS Ia/Ib in planta and their stability under oxidative and heat stresses. In addition, RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that the expression of the DAG synthetase gene PAP1 and MGDG synthase gene MDG2 was upregulated by OsFBN7. In conclusion, this study proposes a new model in which OsFBN7 binds to OsKAS Ia/Ib in chloroplast and enhances their abundance and stability, thereby regulating the chloroplast and PG membrane lipids involved in the formation of PG clusters.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: The insect hemolymph (blood-equivalent fluid), composed of a large number of hemocytes (blood cells) and a variety of soluble immune effectors, is hostile for pathogens including fungi. In order to survive in the insect hemocoel (body cavity), the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) has evolved two classical coping strategies, namely evasion and suppression of the host immune reactions. However, it remains unclear whether EPF has other ways of coping with host immunity. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated that Metarhizium rileyi (an EPF) infection by injection of blastospores into the hemocoel enhanced the plasma antibacterial activity of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), which was partially due to the enhanced expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The early stage of M. rileyi infection induced the translocation of gut bacteria into the hemocoel, where they were subsequently cleared due to the enhanced plasma antibacterial activity. Further, we showed that the enhanced plasma antibacterial activity and AMP expression were attributable to M. rileyi but not the invasive gut bacteria (opportunistic bacteria). Elevated ecdysone (major steroid hormone in insects) levels in the hemolymph at 48h post-M. rileyi infection might contribute to the enhanced expression of AMPs. The fungus-elicited AMPs, such as cecropin 3 or lebocin, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the opportunistic bacteria but not against hyphal bodies. In addition, the opportunistic bacteria competed with hyphal bodies for amino acid nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: M. rileyi infection induced the translocation of gut bacteria, and then the fungi activated and exploited its host humoral antibacterial immunity to eliminate opportunistic bacteria, preventing them from competing for nutrients in the hemolymph. Unlike the classical strategies, EPF utilizes to evade or suppress host immunity, our findings reveal a novel strategy of interaction between EPF and host immunity. Video Abstract.
作者机构：
[Huang, Rong; Deng, Youchao; Iyamu, Iredia D.] Purdue Univ, Inst Drug Discovery, Ctr Canc Res, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;[Dong, Aiping; Min, Jinrong; Song, Xiaosheng] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.;[Dong, Aiping; Min, Jinrong; Song, Xiaosheng] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.;[Min, Jinrong] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Youchao] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Changsha 410013, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, R ] P;[Min, JR ] U;Purdue Univ, Inst Drug Discovery, Ctr Canc Res, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.;Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
摘要：
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are attractive targets for developing therapeutic agents, but selective PRMT inhibitors targeting the cofactor SAM binding site are limited. Herein, we report the discovery of a noncanonical but less polar SAH surrogate YD1113 by replacing the benzyl guanidine of a pan-PRMT inhibitor with a benzyl urea, potently and selectively inhibiting PRMT3/4/5. Importantly, crystal structures reveal that the benzyl urea moiety of YD1113 induces a unique and novel hydrophobic binding pocket in PRMT3/4, providing a structural basis for the selectivity. In addition, YD1113 can be modified by introducing a substrate mimic to form a "T-shaped" bisubstrate analogue YD1290 to engage both the SAM and substrate binding pockets, exhibiting potent and selective inhibition to type I PRMTs (IC50 < 5 nmol/L). In summary, we demonstrated the promise of YD1113 as a general SAH mimic to build potent and selective PRMT inhibitors.(c) 2023 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
通讯作者：
Chuan YAN<&wdkj&>Chuan YAN Chuan YAN Chuan YAN
作者机构：
College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China;[Hongmao ZHANG; Hongmao ZHANG Hongmao ZHANG Hongmao ZHANG] Institute of Evolution and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China;[Rui LIU; Yongjun ZHANG; Chuan YAN; Rui LIU Rui LIU Rui LIU; Yongjun ZHANG Yongjun ZHANG Yongjun ZHANG; Chuan YAN Chuan YAN Chuan YAN] State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China;[Lin CAO; Lin CAO Lin CAO Lin CAO] College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China<&wdkj&>Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
通讯机构：
[Chuan YAN; Chuan YAN Chuan YAN Chuan YAN] S;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
关键词：
density dependence;mast;resource pulse;rodent;seed
摘要：
Our study provides a global pattern of the associations between seed falls and rodent population dynamics in forests, and density dependence contributed much more to rodent dynamics than seed falls. Abstract One classic system of pulsed resource and animal population is mast seeding and population dynamics of seed‐eating rodents in forests. However, we still lack an understanding of the global patterns regarding the contributions of seed falls to rodent outbreaks or population dynamics. We analyzed a global dataset of coupled long‐term time series of seed abundances and rodent populations from published literature, including 66 and 89 time series (156 rodent–seed pairs from 37 studies) for rodent and seed abundances, respectively. We found only half of the examined rodent populations showed statistically significant coincidence between rodent outbreak and mast‐seeding years. Over all the coupled time series, seed abundance was found to positively correlate with rodent abundance with a one‐year lag, and the relative importance of seed abundance was much lower than that of density dependence in affecting rodent population growth rates. We also found the relative importance of seed abundance decreased, but that of rodent density dependence increased with the latitude of study. For the first time, our work provides a global pattern on the associations between seed falls and rodent population dynamics mostly in mid‐ and high‐latitude forests, and highlights the necessity of more long‐term studies on this subject in more forest ecosystems.
摘要：
Time delay and coupling strength are important factors that affect the synchronization of neural networks. In this study, a modular neural network containing subnetworks of different scales was constructed using the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neural model; i.e., a small-scale random network was unidirectionally connected to a large-scale small-world network through chemical synapses. Time delays were found to induce multiple synchronization transitions in the network. An increase in coupling strength also promoted synchronization of the network when the time delay was an integer multiple of the firing period of a single neuron. Considering that time delays at different locations in a modular network may have different effects, we explored the influence of time delays within each subnetwork and between two subnetworks on the synchronization of modular networks. We found that when the subnetworks were well synchronized internally, an increase in the time delay within both subnetworks induced multiple synchronization transitions of their own. In addition, the synchronization state of the small-scale network affected the synchronization of the large-scale network. It was surprising to find that an increase in the time delay between the two subnetworks caused the synchronization factor of the modular network to vary periodically, but it had essentially no effect on the synchronization within the receiving subnetwork. By analyzing the phase difference between the two subnetworks, we found that the mechanism of the periodic variation of the synchronization factor of the modular network was the periodic variation of the phase difference. Finally, the generality of the results was demonstrated by investigating modular networks at different scales.
期刊：
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2023年125:102002 ISSN：0885-5765
通讯作者：
Za Khai Tuang
作者机构：
[Tuang, Za Khai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Tuang, Za Khai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Rehovot, Israel.;[Ling, Tial C.] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bee Protect Lab, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
通讯机构：
[Za Khai Tuang] S;School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
摘要：
The adaptation process is a way of life for plants, and they must contend with biotic and abiotic stresses for their chance of survival. These stresses can lead to disastrous crop production and limited distribution of crops geographically. The use of chemicals to address those stresses in agriculture is limited, while management strategies often fail to meet the needs of the industry. Therefore, novel techniques are needed to control plant diseases and to maintain food security. RCF1 has been found to encode an RNA helicase containing DEAD-box domains and loss-of-function mutation of this gene increases the sensitivity of plants to cold stress. In this study, a single mutant generated in RCF1 was used to investigate the function of the RCF1 gene in pathogen infection stress (i.e., Pst DC3000 and B. cinerea). RFC1 was found to confer resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) but negatively affect Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) infection by repressing SNI1 pathways and JA signaling while activating SA pathways and its receptor NPR1. The generated rcf1 allelic mutant (name: 407) showed sensitivities to bacteria pathogen (Pst DC3000) but tolerance to fungus infection (B. cinerea), and SNI1 was highly upregulated in it. Free and conjugated Salicylic Acid (SA) contents were much lower in the allelic mutant 407 than in complementary materials and is sensitive to Pst DC3000 infection, and NPR1 depending on SA biosynthetic genes were down-regulated in it. Our preliminary results reveal that RCF1 confers resistance to Pst DC3000 by SA and NPR1 dependence manner but blocks SNI1 and JA pathways.
