作者机构：
[Chang, CH; Ho, Chia-An; Chang, Chun-Hao; Yeh, Hung-Chih; Chen, Chao-Yuan; Ho, Chin-Shan] Natl Taiwan Sport Univ, Grad Inst Sports Sci, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.;[Li, Fang] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Chao-Yuan] Natl Taipei Univ Business, Sport Off, Taipei City, Taiwan.
通讯机构：
[Chang, CH ] N;Natl Taiwan Sport Univ, Grad Inst Sports Sci, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
关键词：
Mechanical property;Myometer;Rowing;Symmetry index
摘要：
BACKGROUND: The mechanical properties of muscles, such as changes in muscle tone and stiffness, are related to sports performance and injuries. Rowers are at increased risk of muscle fatigue and injury during high-repetition and heavy-load cyclic muscle actions. In view of this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect on muscle tone and stiffness, as well as bilateral muscle asymmetry, in high school rowers after a 2000-meter rowing ergometer test. METHODS: Twelve young male rowers (age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years, body weight = 73.5 ± 9.7 kg) were included in the study. The data of muscle tone (frequency) and stiffness of the posterior deltoids (PD), latissimus dorsi (LD), and rectus femoris (RF) (dominant and non-dominant side) before and after a 2000-m rowing ergometer test were collected using a handheld MyotonPRO device. RESULTS: After the rowing ergometer test, the muscle tone of dominant side PD, LD, and RF were significantly increased (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the muscle stiffness of the non-dominant side LD and RF, as well as the dominant side PD, LD, and RF were significantly increased after the rowing ergometer test (p < 0.05). The muscle tone and stiffness results showed that the dominant side PD, LD, and RF were all significantly higher than the non-dominant side after the rowing ergometer test (p < 0.05), where bilateral PD and RF exhibits moderate asymmetry (5% < symmetry index < 10%). CONCLUSIONS: After a high-intensity and high-load 2000-m rowing ergometer test, PD, LD, and RF showed increases in muscle tone and stiffness, as well as changes in the symmetry of bilateral muscle mechanical properties.
作者机构：
[Lasutschinkow, Patricia; Dillahunt, Alina; Bo, Jin] Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI,USA;[Shen, Bo] Division of Kinesiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,USA;[Dong, Liangshan; Xiang, Yuan; Pang, Yanli; Zhang, Mingting; Song, Yu] School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, HUB,China;[Li, Dan] LinJie Autism Rehabilitation Center, Wuhan, HUB,China
关键词：
fundamental motor skills;generalization;transfer of learning
摘要：
The current study examined the acquisition, retention, and transfer effects of a motor program. Children with autism spectrum disorder participated in a 9-week program that targeted 13 fundamental motor skills based upon the Test of Gross Motor Development-3. Assessments were conducted before and after the program, as well as at 2-month follow-up. Significant improvements were found on not only the trained fundamental motor skills (acquisition) but also the untrained tasks on balance (transfer). The follow-up tests revealed continuous improvement on the trained locomotor skills (retention), as well as the untrained skills on balance (retention + transfer). These findings highlight the importance of continuous support and long-term participation on motor practices.
作者机构：
[Xiong, Yingzhe; Wang, Bin; Zhao, Hua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Yingzhe; Zhang, Bing; Hong, Weihao; Luan, Yisheng; Yuan, Lingfeng] Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Hua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, B; Zhang, Bing] Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, H ] C;[Zhang, B ] T;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
摘要：
PURPOSE: To investigate the preventive effect of aerobic exercise on renal damage caused by obesity. METHODS: The mice in the Control (Con) and Control + Exercise (Con + Ex) groups received a standard chow diet for the 21-week duration of the study, while the High-fat diet (HFD) group and High-fat diet + Exercise (HFD + Ex) group were fed an HFD. Mice were acclimated to the laboratory for 1 week, given 12 weeks of being on their respective diets, and then the Con + Ex and HFD + Ex groups were subjected to moderate intensity aerobic treadmill running 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. RESULTS: We found that HFD-induced obesity mainly impacts kidney glycerin phospholipids, glycerides, and fatty acyls, and aerobic exercise mainly impacts kidney glycerides, amino acids and organic acids as well as their derivatives. We identified 18 metabolites with significantly altered levels that appear to be involved in aerobic exercise mediated prevention of HFD-induced obesity and renal damage, half of which were amino acids and organic acids and their derivatives. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise rewires kidney metabolites to reduce high-fat diet-induced obesity and renal injury.
摘要：
PURPOSE: Lack of adequate physical exercise is the main reason for the frequent occurrence of health problems among Chinese college students. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of control beliefs on cardiovascular fitness among college students and the mediating role of subjective exercise experience and exercise adherence in it. METHODS: The Control Belief Scale, the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES), and the Exercise Adherence Scale were used to investigate 1854 freshmen and sophomores in Nantong and Suzhou, China. Cardiovascular fitness data for college students from the National Student Physical Health Standard and SPSS 23.0 statistical analysis software were used to carry out statistics and analyses on the questionnaires. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation models were used to assess control beliefs, subjective exercise experiences, exercise adherence, and cardiovascular fitness. RESULTS: The control belief of college students was directly related to cardiovascular fitness (effect value: 0.121), the mediating effect through subjective exercise experience was not significant, indirectly related through the mediating effect of exercise adherence (effect value: 0.101), and indirectly related through the mediating effect of subjective exercise experience and exercise adherence (effect value: 0. 019). The positive prediction effect of control belief on cardiovascular fitness of college students was significant (β = 0.267, P < 0.001), and the positive prediction effect of control belief on cardiovascular fitness of college students was still significant (β = 0.121, P < 0.01) after adding the intermediary variables (subjective exercise experience and exercise adherence). CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular fitness of college students was not only directly affected by control beliefs but also affected by the chain mediating effect of subjective exercise experience and exercise adherence. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the control beliefs, subjective exercise experiences, and exercise adherence of college students to improve their cardiovascular fitness level and enhance their physical health.
摘要：
The relationship between glucose metabolism and bone health remains underexplored despite its clinical relevance. This study utilized the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to probe gender-specific disparities in tibial hemodynamic responses among young healthy adults. Twenty-eight healthy participants (14 males) aged 18-28 years old were recruited for this study. After ingesting a 75 g glucose solution, tibial hemodynamic responses were captured using NIRS in combination with a 5 min ischemic reperfusion technique, both before and at 30 min intervals for two hours post-glucose ingestion. Parameters measured included oxidative metabolic rate (via tissue saturation index [TSI]), immediate recovery slope after occlusion release (TSI10), and total recovery magnitude (ΔTSI). Post-glucose ingestion, both genders demonstrated a surge in blood glucose concentrations at every time point compared to baseline (p < 0.001, 0.002, 0.009, and 0.039 for males; p < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.002, and 0.017 for females). Baseline tibial metabolic rate, TSI10, and ΔTSI did not significantly differ between males and females (p = 0.734, 0.839, and 0.164, respectively), with no discernible temporal effects in any hemodynamic parameters within each gender (p = 0.864, 0.308, and 0.399, respectively, for males; p = 0.973, 0.453, and 0.137, respectively, for females). We found comparable tibial hemodynamic responses to OGTT between genders. This study demonstrated the utility of NIRS in evaluating tibial hemodynamic responses to glucose ingestion through OGTT, enriching our understanding of the body's metabolic responses to glucose intake.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: This meta-analysis of cohort studies aimed to examine the dose-response relationships between LPTA (leisure time physical activity) and pneumonia mortality to provide some suggestions for the prevention of respiratory disease mortality. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PubMed, WOS database were systematically searched for eligible studies until November 1, 2020. The prospective cohort study on the relationship between LPTA and pneumonia mortality was collected. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14 software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) to calculate the combined effect size (HR) of pneumonia mortality and its 95% CI in a categorical dose-response relationship. The restrictive cubic spline model was used to fit the continuous dose-response relationship. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eight cohort studies including 370,045 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The categorical dose-relational analysis revealed that the highest dose compared to the lowest LTPA dose reduced the risk of pneumonia mortality by 32% (HR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.64-0.73). The continuous dose-response relationship results showed a negative nonlinear relationship between LTPA and the risk of pneumonia mortality (P<inf>non-linearity</inf><0.05). The risk of pneumonia death HR decreased by 16% (P<0.01, HR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.82-0.86) for each additional 5 MET-h/week when LTPA below 20 MET-h/week. When LTPA was higher than 20 MET-h/week, the risk of pneumonia death HR decreased of 6% for each additional 5 MET-h/week (P<0.01, HR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.93-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: All doses of LTPA are protective factors of pneumonia mortality risk and the protective effect on pneumonia mortality is enhanced if LTPA increases. The degree of enhancement is weakened when LTPA is higher than 20 MET-h/week.
期刊：
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2022年19(15):8961- ISSN：1661-7827
通讯作者：
Wei Wei<&wdkj&>Weimin Liu
作者机构：
[Wei, Wei; Liu, Weimin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Wei] Hohai Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei Wei; Weimin Liu] S;School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Physical Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
摘要：
Difficulty with implicit learning plays an important role in the symptomology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, findings in motor learning are inconsistent. This study evaluated implicit sequence learning and its relationship with motor ability in children with and without ASD. We adopted a classic serial reaction time task with a retention task and three awareness tests. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children was administered to assess children's motor ability. Significant learning differences between children with and without ASD were only found in retention but not immediately after the serial reaction time task. These findings suggest that the impaired implicit learning in ASD is characterized as impaired consolidation where the relatively permanent changes are missing. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed a significant relationship between implicit learning and motor ability for individuals with faster response time. We argue the importance of response speed for optimal learning and should be weighted more for future intervention in children with ASD.
摘要：
The current study examined the augmentation of error feedback on visuomotor adaptability in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive decline (assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA). Twenty-three participants performed a center-out computerized visuomotor adaptation task when the visual feedback of their hand movement error was presented in a regular (ratio = 1:1) or enhanced (ratio = 1:2) error feedback schedule. Results showed that older adults with lower scores on the MoCA had less adaptability than those with higher MoCA scores during the regular feedback schedule. However, participants demonstrated similar adaptability during the enhanced feedback schedule, regardless of their cognitive ability. Furthermore, individuals with lower MoCA scores showed larger after-effects in spatial control during the enhanced schedule compared to the regular schedule, whereas individuals with higher MoCA scores displayed the opposite pattern. Additional neuro-cognitive assessments revealed that spatial working memory and processing speed were positively related to motor adaptability during the regular scheduled but negatively related to adaptability during the enhanced schedule. We argue that individuals with mild cognitive decline employed different adaptation strategies when encountering enhanced visual feedback, suggesting older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may benefit from enhanced visual error feedback during sensorimotor adaptation.
摘要：
Highlights ? Individuals with normal motor ability showed a positive inter-limb transfer on motor planning when feedback was regular. ? When feedback was enhanced, inter-limb transfer was found on temporal control but not on spatial control or motor planning. ? A clear internal model, instead of motor abilities, is critical for inter-limb transfer on kinematic adaptation. Abstract A previous study suggested that adults with greater motor difficulties demonstrated less adaptation under a regular error feedback schedule (gain = 1:1) but reached a similar level of adaptation compared to controls when feedback was enhanced (gain = 1:2). In light of these findings, the present study examined inter-limb transfer after adults adapted to visuomotor distortions with their dominant hand on either regular or enhanced feedback schedules. Results revealed that successful transfer related to the magnitude of adaptation with their dominant hand regardless of the individuals’ motor abilities on the regular feedback schedule. When the feedback was enhanced, the transfer was not related to either the adaptation of the dominant hand or individuals’ motor abilities. We argue that a stable internal model is essential for inter-limb transfer in kinematic adaptation.
