Molecular characterization of immune responses of Helicoverpa armigera to infection with the mermithid nematode Ovomermis sinensis
作者：
Wang, Gui-Jie;Zhuo, Xiao-Rong;Wang, Wen-Wen;Liu, Xu-Sheng
（ ;Wang, Guo-Xiu;...
期刊：
BMC Genomics ,2019年20(1):1-11 ISSN：1471-2164
通讯作者：
Wang, Jia-Lin
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Wang, Wen-Wen; Wang, Gui-Jie; Zhuo, Xiao-Rong; Wang, Guo-Xiu; Wang, Jia-Lin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Ovomermis sinensis;Helicoverpa armigera;Immunity;Parasitism;Fat body
摘要：
Background: Mermithid nematodes, such as Ovomermis sinensis, display a broad host range including some lepidopteran pests. Infective juveniles penetrate their host through the cuticle, complete their growth within the hemocoel and eventually kill the host upon their emergence. Hence, mermithid nematodes are considered potential biological control agents of insect pests. Our previous data indicate that the infection rate of O. sinensis on cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is low, which may be largely due to the strong immune system of the host. However, current knowledge on the interactions of mermithid nematodes with their hosts and the mechanisms employed by hosts to defend themselves against mermithid nematodes is limited. Results: Here, we investigated the response of H. armigera to O. sinensis infection. Parasitism by O. sinensis caused a sharp decline in the survival rate of H. armigera. The hemocytic phagocytosis ability, antibacterial activity, and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in plasma of H. armigera increased at 1 d post parasitism (dpp) but decreased at 3 dpp. Further, we investigated gene expression in the fat body of parasitized and non-parasitized H. armigera larvae at 1, 3, and 5 dpp using a digital gene expression system. In total, 41, 60 and 68 immune-related differentially expressed genes were identified at 1, 3, and 5 dpp, respectively. These genes encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), serine proteases (SPs), SP inhibitors, mucins and other immune-related proteins. The expression of most PRRs, AMPs, SPs, and mucins was upregulated in the fat body of larvae at 1 dpp, downregulated at 3 dpp, and then again upregulated at 5 dpp by O. sinensis. The increased expression of SP inhibitors may contribute to the inhibited PO activity at 5 dpp. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that parasitism by O. sinensis modulates the immune reaction of the host H. armigera by altering the expression of immune-related genes. Our data provide a basis for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms employed by the mermithid nematode O. sinensis to modulate the immunity of the host H. armigera. These data will also likely facilitate the improvement of success in parasitism of H. armigera by O. sinensis. © 2019 The Author(s).
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英文
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Ingestion of killed bacteria activates antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila melanogaster and protects flies from septic infection
作者：
Wen, Yunyun;He, Zhen;Xu, Tao;Jiao, Yan;Liu, Xusheng
（ ;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2019年95(1):10-18 ISSN：0145-305X
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Qiang
作者机构：
[Liu, Xusheng; Jiao, Yan; He, Zhen; Xu, Tao; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Wen, Yunyun; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Qiang] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Qiang] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antimicrobial peptide;IMD;Ingestion;Local immune response;MyD88;Systemic immune response
摘要：
Drosophila melanogaster possesses a sophisticated and effective immune system composed of humoral and cellular immune responses, and production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important defense mechanism. Expression of AMPs is regulated by the Toll and IMD (immune deficiency) pathways. Production of AMPs can be systemic in the fat body or a local event in the midgut and epithelium. So far, most studies focus on systemic septic infection in adult flies and little is known about AMP gene activation after ingestion of killed bacteria. In this study, we investigated activation of AMP genes in the wild-type w 1118 , MyD88 and Imd mutant flies after ingestion of heat-killed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We showed that ingestion of E. coli activated most AMP genes, including drosomycin and diptericin, in the first to third instar larvae and pupae, while ingestion of S. aureus induced only some AMP genes in some larval stages or in pupae. In adult flies, ingestion of killed bacteria activated AMP genes differently in males and females. Interestingly, ingestion of killed E. coli and S. aureus in females conferred resistance to septic infection by both live pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ingestion of E. coli in males conferred resistance to P. aeruginosa infection. Our results indicated that E. coli and S. aureus can activate both the Toll and IMD pathways, and systemic and local immune responses work together to provide Drosophila more effective protection against infection. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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英文
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An in vitro study of NF-κB factors cooperatively in regulation of Drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes
作者：
Chowdhury, Munmun;Zhang, Jie;Xu, Xiao-Xia;He, Zhen;Lu, Yuzhen;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2019年95(1):50-58 ISSN：0145-305X
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Qiang
作者机构：
[Xu, Xiao-Xia; He, Zhen; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Zhang, Jie; Chowdhury, Munmun] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.;[Liu, Xu-Sheng; He, Zhen; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Lu, Yuzhen] South China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Insect Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Insect Dev Biol & Appl Tec, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Lu, Yuzhen] South China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Insect Sci & Technol, Guangzhou Key Lab Insect Dev Regulat & Applicat R, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Xiao-Xia] South China Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Qiang] U;Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
关键词：
*Antimicrobial peptide;*DIF;*Dorsal;*NF-kappaB factors;*Relish
摘要：
An important innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster is the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Expression of AMP genes is mediated by the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways via NF-kappaB transcription factors Dorsal, DIF and Relish. Dorsal and DIF act downstream of the Toll pathway, whereas Relish acts in the IMD pathway. Dorsal and DIF are held inactive in the cytoplasm by the IkappaB protein Cactus, while Relish contains an IkappaB-like inhibitory domain at the C-terminus. NF-kappaB factors normally form homodimers and heterodimers to regulate gene expression, but formation of heterodimers between Relish and DIF or Dorsal and the specificity and activity of the three NF-kappaB homodimers and heterodimers are not well understood. In this study, we compared the activity of Rel homology domains (RHDs) of Dorsal, DIF and Relish in activation of Drosophila AMP gene promoters, demonstrated that Relish-RHD (Rel-RHD) interacted with both Dorsal-RHD and DIF-RHD, Relish-N interacted with DIF and Dorsal, and overexpression of individual RHD and co-expression of any two RHDs activated the activity of AMP gene promoters to various levels, suggesting formation of homodimers and heterodimers among Dorsal, DIF and Relish. Rel-RHD homodimers were stronger activators than heterodimers of Rel-RHD with either DIF-RHD or Dorsal-RHD, while DIF-RHD-Dorsal-RHD heterodimers were stronger activators than either DIF-RHD or Dorsal-RHD homodimers in activation of AMP gene promoters. We also identified the nucleotides at the 6th and 8th positions of the 3' half-sites of the kappaB motifs that are important for the specificity and activity of NF-kappaB transcription factors.
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英文
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20-Hydroxyecdysone promotes release of GBP-binding protein from oenocytoids to suppress hemocytic encapsulation
作者：
Zhuo, Xiao-Rong;Chen, Lei;Wang, Gui-Jie;Liu, Xu-Sheng
（ ;Wang, Yu-Feng;...
期刊：
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,2018年92:53-64 ISSN：0965-1748
通讯作者：
Wang, Jia-Lin
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Wang, Gui-Jie; Zhuo, Xiao-Rong; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Chen, Lei; Wang, Jia-Lin; Liu, Ke; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Qiang] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
*20-Hydroxyecdysone;*Encapsulation;*GBP-binding protein;*Growth-blocking peptide;*Hemocytes
摘要：
Growth-blocking peptide (GBP) is an insect cytokine that stimulates plasmatocyte adhesion, thereby playing a critical role in encapsulation reaction. It has been previously demonstrated that GBP-binding protein (GBPB) is released upon oenocytoid lysis in response to GBP and is responsible for subsequent clearance of GBP from hemolymph. However, current knowledge about GBPB is limited and the mechanism by which insects increase GBPB levels to inactivate GBP remains largely unexplored. Here, we have identified one GBP precursor (HaGBP precursor) gene and two GBPB (namely HaGBPB1 and HaGBPB2) genes from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. The HaGBP precursor was found to be predominantly expressed in fat body, whereas HaGBPB1 and HaGBPB2 were mainly expressed in hemocytes. Immunological analyses indicated that both HaGBPB1 and HaGBPB2 are released from hemocytes into the plasma during the wandering stage. Additionally, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment or bead challenge could promote the release of HaGBPB1 and HaGBPB2 at least partly from oenocytoids into the plasma. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the N-terminus of HaGBPB1 is responsible for binding to HaGBP and suppresses HaGBP-induced plasmatocyte spreading and encapsulation. Overall, this study helps to enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying 20E mediated regulation of plasmatocyte adhesion and encapsulation via GBP-GBPB interaction. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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英文
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The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi impairs cellular immunity of its host Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Zhong, Ke;Liu, Zhan-Chi;Wang, Jia-Lin;Liu, Xu-Sheng
* （ 期刊：
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology ,2017年96(1):e21402- ISSN：0739-4462
通讯作者：
Liu, Xu-Sheng
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Wang, Jia-Lin; Zhong, Ke; Liu, Zhan-Chi] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
cellular immune response;entomopathogenic fungus;hemocyte;insect immunity;Nomuraea rileyi
摘要：
In this study, we investigated the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi on Helicoverpa armigera cellular immune responses. Nomuraea rileyi infection had no effect on total hemocyte count (THC), but impaired hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation responses. Nomuraea rileyi infection led to a significant reduction in hemocyte spreading. An in vitro assay revealed that plasma from N. rileyi infected H. armigera larvae suppressed the spreading ability of hemocytes from naïve larvae. We infer that N. rileyi suppresses the cellular immune response of its host, possibly by secreting exogenous, cytotoxic compounds into the host's hemolymph. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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英文
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C-type lectin interacting with β-integrin enhances hemocytic encapsulation in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Wang, Pan;Zhuo, Xiao-Rong;Tang, Lin;Liu, Xu-Sheng
（ ;Wang, Yu-Feng;...
期刊：
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,2017年86:29-40 ISSN：0965-1748
通讯作者：
Wang, Jia-Lin
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Zhuo, Xiao-Rong; Tang, Lin; Wang, Guo-Xiu; Wang, Pan; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Wang, Jia-Lin; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Qiang] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
*20-HydroxyEcdysone;*C-type lectin;*Encapsulation;*Melanization;*beta-Integrin
摘要：
The encapsulation reaction in invertebrates is analogous to granuloma formation in vertebrates, and this reaction is severely compromised when ecdysone signaling is blocked. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the encapsulation reaction and its regulation by ecdysone remains obscure. In our previous study, we found that the C-type lectin HaCTL3, from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, is involved in anti-bacterial immune response, acting as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR). In the current study, we demonstrate that HaCTL3 is involved in defense against parasites and directly binds to the surface of nematodes. Our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HaCTL3 enhances hemocytic encapsulation and melanization, whereas H. armigera β-integrin (Haβ-integrin), located on the surface of hemocytes, participates in encapsulation. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal HaCTL3 interacts with Haβ-integrin, and knockdown of Haβ-integrin leads to reduced encapsulation of HaCTL3-coated beads. These results indicate that Haβ-integrin serves as a hemocytic receptor of HaCTL3 during the encapsulation reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment dramatically induces the expression of HaCTL3, and knockdown of the 20E receptor (EcR)/ultraspiracle (USP), abrogates this response. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the presence of a hemocytic receptor (Haβ-integrin), that interacts with the PRR HaCTL3 to facilitate encapsulation reaction in insects and demonstrates the regulation of this process by the steroid hormone ecdysone. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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英文
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Identification and characterization of a gene involved in the encapsulation response of Helicoverpa armigera haemocytes
作者：
Hu, Q. -Q.;Wei, X. -H.;Li, Y. -P.;Wang, J. -L.;Liu, X. -S.
* （ 期刊：
Insect Molecular Biology ,2017年26(6):752-762 ISSN：0962-1075
作者机构：
[Liu, X. -S.; Li, Y. -P.; Hu, Q. -Q.; Wei, X. -H.; Wang, J. -L.] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, X. -S.] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
encapsulation;insect immunity;cellular immune response;haemocyte;Helicoverpa armigera
摘要：
Encapsulation is a kind of cellular immune response of insect haemocytes, which results in the formation of capsules around invading parasites. However, the molecular mechanism of this response is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a potential immune-related gene in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, called defence protein 1 (Ha-DFP1). A tissue distribution analysis revealed that Ha-DFP1 protein was expressed in haemocytes and secreted into the haemolymph of Helic. armigera larvae. The Ha-DFP1 mRNA transcript level in haemocytes and the concentration of the Ha-DFP1 protein in haemolymph both increased after injecting chromatography beads. Purified recombinant Ha-DFP1 bound to the surface of haemocytes and promoted haemocyte encapsulation on chromatography beads in vitro. The spreading ability of haemocytes was inhibited when Ha-DFP1 expression in Helic. armigera larval haemocytes decreased in response to the injection of double-stranded RNA specific to Ha-DFP1, and the encapsulation ability of haemocytes was impaired. Based on these results, we speculate that Ha-DFP1 plays an important role in the Helic. armigera encapsulation response, possibly by binding to the haemocyte surface and mediating spreading behaviour. © 2017 The Royal Entomological Society
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英文
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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE 5 FROM Spodoptera exigua AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS UNDER VARIOUS STRESS CONDITIONS
作者：
Liu, Kai-Yu;Xia, Yu-Qian;Zhou, Jing;Chen, Zu-Wen;Lu, Dandan;...
期刊：
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology ,2016年92(4):225-241 ISSN：0739-4462
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Zhou, Jing; Zhang, Ning-Zhao; Liu, Kai-Yu; Ai, Hui; Xia, Yu-Qian; Chen, Zu-Wen; Lu, Dandan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Li-Lin] Wuhan Vegetable Res Inst, Dept Plant Protect, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ai, Hui] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Spodoptera exigua;ATG5;autophagy;qPCR;Western blot
摘要：
Autophagy is not only involved in development, but also has been proved to attend immune response against invading pathogens. Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is an important autophagic protein, which plays a crucial role in autophagosome elongation. Although ATG5 has been well studied in mammal, yeast, and Drosophila, little is known about ATG5 in lepidopteran insects. We cloned putative SeAtg5 gene from Spodoptera exigua larvae by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, and its characteristics and the influences of multiple exogenous factors on its expression levels were then investigated. The results showed that the putative S. exigua SeATG5 protein is highly homologous to other insect ATG5 proteins, which has a conserved Pfm domain and multiple phosphorylation sites. Next, fluorescence microscope observation showed that mCherry-SeATG5 was distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells and partially co-localized with BmATG6-GFP, but it almost has no significant co-localization with GFP-HaATG8. Then, the Western blot analysis demonstrated that GFP-SeATG5 conjugated with ATG12. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed that its expression levels significantly increased at the initiation of pupation and the stage of adult. In addition, the expression levels of SeAtg5 can be enhanced by the starvation, UV radiation, and infection of baculovirus and bacterium. However, the expression levels of SeAtg5 decreased at 24 h post treatments in all these treatments except in starvation. These results suggested that SeATG5 might be involved in response of S. exigua under various stress conditions.
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英文
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Rab3 is involved in cellular immune responses of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Li, Jie;Song, Cai-Xia;Li, Yu-Ping;Li, Li;Wei, Xiu-Hong;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2015年50(2):78-86 ISSN：0145-305X
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Li, Li; Song, Cai-Xia; Li, Jie; Wang, Jia-Lin; Wei, Xiu-Hong; Li, Yu-Ping] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jia-Lin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
The 5th International Symposium on Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
会议时间：
2015-06-15
会议地点：
中国广东广州
关键词：
Rab GTPase;Phagocytosis;Nodulation;Encapsulation;Cellular immune response;Helicoverpa armigera
摘要：
Rab3, a member of the Rab GTPase family, has been found. to be involved in Innate immunity. However, the precise function of this GTPase in innate immunity remains unknown. In this study, we identified a Rab3 gene (Ha-Rab3) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and studied its roles in innate immune responses. Expression of Ha-Rab3 was upregulated in the hemocytes of H. armigera larvae after the injection of Escherichia coil or chromatography beads. The dsRNA-mediated knockdown of Ha-Rab3 gene in H. armigera larval hemocytes led to significant reduction in the phagocytosis and nodulation activities of hemocytes against E. coil, significant increase in the bacterial load in larval hemolymph, and significant reduction in the encapsulation activities of hemocytes toward invading chromatography beads. Further-more, Ha-Rab3 knockdown significantly suppressed spreading of plasmatocytes. These results' suggest that Ha-Rab3 plays important roles in H. arrnigera cellular immune responses, possibly by mediating spreading of hemocytes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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英文
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Molecular characterization of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and its role in the prophenoloxidase activation pathway
作者：
Li, Yu-Ping;Xiao, Min;Li, Li;Song, Cai-Xia;Wang, Jia-Lin;...
期刊：
Molecular Immunology ,2015年65(1):123-132 ISSN：0161-5890
通讯作者：
Liu, Xu-Sheng
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Li, Li; Song, Cai-Xia; Wang, Jia-Lin; Li, Yu-Ping; Xiao, Min] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xu-Sheng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Helicoverpa armigera;Melanization;Pattern recognition receptor;Peptidoglycan recognition protein;Prophenoloxidase activation
摘要：
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), which are evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, function as pattern-recognition and effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, a PGRP (HaPGRP-A) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera was identified and characterized. Sequence analysis indicated that HaPGRP-A is not an amidase-type PGRP. Increased levels of HaPGRP-A mRNA were observed in the fat body and hemocytes of H. armigera larvae following the injection of microbes or Sephadex beads. Analysis using purified recombinant HaPGRP-A showed that it (i) could bind and agglutinate Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, (ii) enhanced prophenoloxidase activation in the presence of microbes, (iii) promoted the formation of melanotic nodules in vivo, and (iv) enhanced the melanization of Sephadex beads in vivo. RNA interference assays were performed to further confirm the function of HaPGRP-A. When the expression of HaPGRP-A in H. armigera larvae was inhibited by dsHaPGRP-A injection, the phenoloxidase activity in larval hemolymph was significantly decreased and RNAi-treated insects infected with bacteria showed higher bacterial growth in hemolymph compared with infected control larvae. These results indicated that HaPGRP-A acts as a pattern recognition receptor and binds to the invading organism to trigger the prophenoloxidase activation pathway of H. armigera, and the activated phenoloxidase may participate in the melanization process of nodulation and encapsulation responses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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英文
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SRP gene is required for Helicoverpa armigera prophenoloxidase activation and nodulation response
作者：
Qiao, Chuan;Li, Jie;Wei, Xiu-Hong;Wang, Jia-Lin;Wang, Yu-Feng;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2014年44(1):94-99 ISSN：0145-305X
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Li, Jie; Wang, Jia-Lin; Qiao, Chuan; Wei, Xiu-Hong; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Helicoverpa armigera;SRP;Prophenoloxidase activation;Nodulation;Innate immunity
摘要：
SRP gene was first identified from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea as one of genes up-regulated after bacteria injection. A rent study in Spodoptera litura showed that stress-induced elevation of SRP expression highly correlates with reduced feeding activities and growth retardation of larvae. In this study, we identified a SRP gene from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, namely Ha-SRP, and studied its precise roles in insect immunity. Expressions of Ha-SRP were upregulated in H. armigera larval hemocytes after injection of Escherichia coli. When the expression of Ha-SRP in H. armigera larval hemocytes was inhibited by dsHa-SRP injection, the transcription of prophenoloxidase genes in hemocytes was repressed, phenoloxidase activity in bacteria-challenged larval hemolymph was significantly decreased, and nodule formation in bacteria-injected larvae was reduced. More importantly, RNAi-treated insects infected with E. coli showed higher bacterial growth in hemolymph compared with infected controls. These results suggest that Ha-SRP gene plays importance roles in H. armigera innate immunity, possibly by mediating prophenoloxidase activation and nodulation response.
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英文
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Involvement of a pattern recognition receptor C-type lectin 7 in enhancing cellular encapsulation and melanization due to its carboxyl-terminal CRD domain in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Wang, Jia-Lin
* （ ;Zhang, Qi;Tang, Lin;Chen, Lei;Liu, Xu-Sheng;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2014年44(1):21-29 ISSN：0145-305X
作者机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin; Zhang, Qi; Tang, Lin; Chen, Lei; Liu, Xu-Sheng; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
C-type lectin;CRD;Encapsulation;Melanization;Helicoverpa armigera
摘要：
C-type lectins play important roles in innate immunity as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). We have previously reported a novel C-type lectin HaCTL7 from the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) which contains two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), namely N-terminal CRD1 and C-terminal CRD2. Interestingly, there are four but not six of conserved cysteine residues in CRD2 of HaCTL7, which is different from that of other dual CRD C-type lectins. In the current study, we expressed and purified recombinant HaCTL7 (rHaCTL7) as well as rCRD1 and rCRD2, and demonstrated that both rHaCTL7 and rCRD2, but not rCRD1, owned the agglutinate ability against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a calcium dependent manner. In addition, both rHaCTL7 and rCRD2, but not rCRD1, could bind to various bacteria, and enhanced haemocytes mediated encapsulation and melanization processes. HaCTL7 secreted from fat bodies is able to bind to granulocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids, but not to spherulocytes. Recombinant HaCTL7 and rCRD2 are capable of binding to both granulocytes and oenocytoids, while rCRD1 can only bind to granulocytes. Our data suggest that as a PRR HaCTL7 enhances encapsulation and melanization likely through its C-terminal CRD2, but not N-terminal CRD1, which imply that the characteristic four cysteine structure of CRD2 plays key roles in innate immunity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Identification and functional characterization of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Li, Li;Li, Yu-Ping;Song, Cai-Xia;Xiao, Min;Wang, Jia-Lin;...
期刊：
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology ,2014年86(4):240-258 ISSN：0739-4462
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Li, Li; Song, Cai-Xia; Wang, Jia-Lin; Li, Yu-Ping; Xiao, Min] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
peptidoglycan recognition protein;Helicoverpa armigera;encapsulation;phagocytosis
摘要：
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) specifically bind to peptidoglycans, and play crucial roles as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in mediating innate immune responses. In this study, we identified and characterized a PGRP (HaPGRP-D) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Sequence analysis indicated that HaPGRP-D is an amidase-type PGRP. Expression of HaPGRP-D was upregulated in the hemocytes of H. armigera larvae after injecting Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, or chromatography beads. To test the biological activity of HaPGRP-D, purified recombinant protein was prepared. Subsequent analysis showed that rHaPGRP-D (i) could bind and agglutinate Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus in a zinc-dependent manner, (ii) functioned as an amidase to degrade peptidoglycans in the presence of Zn 2+ , (iii) strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in the presence of Zn 2+ , (iv) could bind to the surface of hemocytes, (v) increased the phagocytosis of E. coli cells by hemocytes in vitro, and (vi) promoted hemocyte encapsulation on chromatography beads in vitro. These results suggest that HaPGRP-D plays important roles as PRR, amidase, and opsonin in H. armigera humoral and cellular immune responses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
语种：
英文
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20-hydroxyecdysone transcriptionally regulates humoral immunity in the fat body of Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Wang, J-L.;Chen, L.;Tang, L.;Zhao, H-B.;Liu, X-S.
* （ ;...
期刊：
Insect Molecular Biology ,2014年23(6):842-856 ISSN：0962-1075
作者机构：
[Liu, X-S.; Wang, Y-F.; Chen, L.; Tang, L.; Wang, J-L.; Zhao, H-B.] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, X-S.] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Helicoverpa armigera;transcriptome;digital gene expression (DGE);fat body;immunity;20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)
摘要：
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) increases its titre level during the wandering stage and influences innate immunity in many holometabolous insects. However, the function of 20E as an immune-activator or -suppressor needs to be determined. Here, the transcriptome of the peptidoglycan-challenged fat body of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was analysed using Illumina sequencing technology. Overall, 32 073 unigenes were assembled with a mean length of 643 nucleotides. Gene expression dynamics in the fat body during the wandering stage and of peptidoglycan-challenged individuals were investigated by the digital gene expression system. Pattern recognition receptors [such as peptidoglycan recognition protein B (PGRP B), PGRP S2 precursor, C-type lectin 5, hemolin and β-1,3-glucan recognition protein 2a] and antimicrobial peptides (namely attacin, gloverin, gloverin precursor, gloverin-like, cecropin 2, cecropin D, cecropin D-like and i-type lysozyme) significantly increased their mRNA levels during the wandering stage. 20E treatment significantly induced the expression of these genes. Antibacterial activities were also enhanced during the wandering stage and after 20E injections. Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan induced the expression of PGRP D, PGRP B, PGRP S2 precursor, gloverin, gloverin precursor, gloverin-like, cecropin 2, cecropin D and lebocin-like genes. These results demonstrate that 20E acts by enhancing humoral immunity in H. armigera. © 2014 The Royal Entomological Society.
语种：
英文
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Cloning and functional analysis of glutathione peroxidase gene in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii
作者：
Xia, Xiao-Fei;Zheng, Jin-Jing;Shao, Guang-Ming;Wang, Jia-Lin;Liu, Xu-Sheng
（ ;...
期刊：
Fish & Shellfish Immunology ,2013年34(6):1587-1595 ISSN：1050-4648
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Shao, Guang-Ming; Zheng, Jin-Jing; Wang, Jia-Lin; Xia, Xiao-Fei; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Yu-Feng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Procambarus clarkii;GPx;Expression patterns;Microbe challenge;ROS
摘要：
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are key enzymes in the antioxidant defense systems of living organisms, including crustaceans. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is the most commonly farmed freshwater crayfish in Chinese inland nowadays due to its commercial value. However, high stocking density has resulted in adverse effects in growth performance and health. To investigate the function of GPxs in immune defense of the crayfish, we cloned and characterized a full length GPx (. PcGPx) from P. clarkii by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The 931 bp PcGPx cDNA contains a 38 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 519 bp coding sequence (CDS) and a 375 bp 3'-UTR with a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS). The PcGPx was predicted to encode 172 amino acids, and its putative molecular mass was 20.9kDa with a pI of 4.37. A selenocysteine (Sec) encoded by the unusual stop codon, TGA, was in the protein coding region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PcGPx clustered with the GPxs from the penaeid shrimp Metapenaeus ensis and Caenorhabditis elegans, sharing much higher similarity with vertebrate GPx1 and GPx2 than with GPx3 and GPx5. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that PcGPx was extremely highly expressed in ovary and early embryos. In addition, the levels of PcGPx mRNA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased after challenge with gram-negative Vibrio harveyi, gram-positive Staphyloccocus aureus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). These results suggest that PcGPx may play important roles not only in immune defense, but also in oogenesis in the crayfish. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
语种：
英文
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Identification and characterization of two peptidoglycan recognition proteins with zinc-dependent antibacterial activity from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Yang, Dai-Qun;Su, Zhen-Lin;Qiao, Chuan;Zhang, Zan;Wang, Jia-Lin;...
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2013年39(4):343-351 ISSN：0145-305X
作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Yang, Dai-Qun; Wang, Jia-Lin; Qiao, Chuan; Su, Zhen-Lin] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zan; Li, Fei] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Helicoverpa armigera;Hormone;Immunity;Peptidoglycan recognition protein
摘要：
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) specifically bind to peptidoglycan and play an important role in the innate immune responses as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Here we identified and characterized two PGRPs (HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. The comparative analysis indicated that five amino acids which are required for T7 lysozyme Zn2+ binding and amidase activity are conserved in HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C, suggesting that the two PGRPs are members of the amidase-type PGRPs. HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C mRNA increased in both the fat bodies and the hemocytes after an injection of Gram-negative Escherichia coli or Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Recombinant HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C could agglutinate E. coli and S. aureus in a zinc-dependent manner. More importantly, both rHaPGRP-B and rHaPGRP strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in the presence of Zn2+. Moreover, the HaPGRP-B mRNA showed up-regulation post hormones (20E and methoprene) injection. Our results indicate that the two PGRPs of H. armigera may play an important role in defending against bacteria as amidase-type PGRPs and the hormones can function in regulating the expressions of PGRPs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Expression profiles of six novel C-type lectins in response to bacterial and 20E injection in the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)
作者：
Wang, Jia-Lin
* （ ;Liu, Xu-Sheng;Zhang, Qi;Zhao, Hao-Bin;Wang, Yu-Feng
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY ,2012年37(2):221-232 ISSN：0145-305X
作者机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin; Zhang, Qi; Liu, Xu-Sheng; Zhao, Hao-Bin; Wang, Yu-Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Jia-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
20E;C-type lectin;Helicoverpa armigera;Immunity
摘要：
C-type lectins can act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play an important role in innate immunity. Two C-type lectins (HaCTL1 and HaCTL2) have been previously identified in the cotton bollworm (. Helicoverpa armigera). Here we isolate six C-type lectins from . H. armigera (HaCTL3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8). All six new HaCTLs encode a signal peptide (or partial signal peptide) and complete tandem carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). . HaCTL4, . 5, . 6, . 7 and . 8 mRNA increased in the fat body after injection with both killed Gram-negative . Escherichia coli and Gram-positive . Staphylococcus aureus, whereas . HaCTL3 mRNA was upregulated following . E. coli injection only. Recombinant HaCTL3 exhibited agglutinating activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a calcium-dependent manner. Agglutination inhibitory analysis indicated that rHaCTL3 recognizes maltose, trehalose, peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides. . HaCTL3 and . HaCTL8 mRNA showed upregulation while . HaCTL4, . 5, and . 6 mRNA downregulation post 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) injection. Our results indicate that the six novel C-type lectins of . H. armigera may play important roles in defending against bacteria as PRRs and the hormone 20E can function in regulating immunity through lectins. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
语种：
英文
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Contrasting Genetic Structure in Two Co-Distributed Species of Old World Fruit Bat
作者：
Chen, Jinping
* （ ;Rossiter, Stephen J.;Flanders, Jonathan R.;Sun, Yanhong;Hua, Panyu;...
期刊：
PLOS ONE ,2010年5(11):e13903- ISSN：1932-6203
作者机构：
[Chen, Jinping; Sun, Yanhong] Guangdong Entomol Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Rossiter, Stephen J.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London, England.;[Flanders, Jonathan R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.;[Sun, Yanhong; Liu, Xusheng] Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shuyi; Hua, Panyu] E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Jinping] G;Guangdong Entomol Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Phylogeography;Haplotypes;Population genetics;China;India;Bats;Fruit bats;Gene flow
摘要：
The fulvous fruit bat (Rousettus leschenaulti) and the greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) are two abundant and widely co-distributed Old World fruit bats in Southeast and East Asia. The former species forms large colonies in caves while the latter roots in small groups in trees. To test whether these differences in social organization and roosting ecology are associated with contrasting patterns of gene flow, we used mtDNA and nuclear loci to characterize population genetic subdivision and phylogeographic histories in both species sampled from China, Vietnam and India. Our analyses from R. leschenaulti using both types of marker revealed little evidence of genetic structure across the study region. On the other hand, C. sphinx showed significant genetic mtDNA differentiation between the samples from India compared with China and Vietnam, as well as greater structuring of microsatellite genotypes within China. Demographic analyses indicated signatures of past rapid population expansion in both taxa, with more recent demographic growth in C. sphinx. Therefore, the relative genetic homogeneity in R. leschenaulti is unlikely to reflect past events. Instead we suggest that the absence of substructure in R. leschenaulti is a consequence of higher levels of gene flow among colonies, and that greater vagility in this species is an adaptation associated with cave roosting.
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英文
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Effects of the mermithid nematode Ovomermis sinensis on the hemocytes of its host Helicoverpa armigera
作者：
Li, Qiang;Sun, Yalan;Wang, Guoxiu;Liu, Xusheng
* （ 期刊：
Journal of Insect Physiology ,2009年55(1):47-50 ISSN：0022-1910
作者机构：
[Liu, Xusheng; Li, Qiang; Sun, Yalan; Wang, Guoxiu] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xusheng] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xusheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Mermithid nematodes;Ovomermis sinensis;Helicoverpa armigera;Hemocyte;Encapsulation
摘要：
Little is known about the mechanism by which mermithid nematodes avoid encapsulation responses of insect hosts. In this study, we investigated the influence of the mermithid nematode Ovomermis sinensis on host Helicoverpa armigera hemocyte number, encapsulation activity, spreading behavior and cytoskeleton. Parasitism by O. sinensis caused a significant increase in the total hemocyte counts (THC) and plasmatocyte numbers of H. armigera. However, in vivo encapsulation assays revealed that hemocyte encapsulation abilities of H. armigera were suppressed by O. sinensis. Moreover, parasitism by O. sinensis changed the spreading behavior and cytoskeletons of the host hemocytes. The results suggested that O. sinensis could actively suppress the hemocyte immune response of its host, possibly by destroying the host hemocyte cytoskeleton. This is the first report of a possible mechanism by which mermithid nematodes suppress encapsulation responses of insect hosts. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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英文
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