摘要：
Millions of people are regularly exposed to ozone, a gas known to contribute significantly to worsening the symptoms of patients with asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying these ozone exacerbation effects are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the exacerbation effect of ozone in OVA induced asthma mice and tried to demonstrate the protective mechanism of vitamin E (VE). An asthma mouse model was established, and used to identify the exacerbating effects of ozone by assessing cytokine and serum immunoglobulin concentrations, airway leukocyte infiltration, histopathological changes in lung tissues, and airway hyper-responsiveness. We then determined the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated, the extent to which VE induced ROS elimination, and examined the antagonistic effects of VE on the ozone-induced exacerbating effects. This study showed that 1-ppm ozone exposure could exacerbate OVA-induced asthma in mice. More importantly we found that ozone induced oxidative stress in asthmatic airways may lead to the inhibition of Nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and may subsequently induce even more exaggerated oxidative stress associated with asthma exacerbation. Through VE induced Nrf2 activation and the subsequent increase in Nrf2 target protein expression, this study suggests a novel mechanism for alleviating ozone exacerbated asthma symptoms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Herein, we report the identification of putative promoters for the non-structural proteins (NS) and capsid structural proteins (VP) of Helicoverpa armigera densovirus (HaDV2) as well as a potential mechanism for how these promoters might be regulated. For the first time, we report that VP is able to transactivate the VP promoter and, to a lesser degree, the NS promoter in densoviruses. In addition to this, another promoter-like sequence designated P2, when co-transfected with the VP gene, enhanced luciferase activity by approximately 35 times compared to a control. This suggests that there are two promoters for VP in HaDV2 and that the VP of parvoviruses might play a more important role in viral transcription than previously appreciated.
作者机构：
[Li, Jinquan; Li, Rui; Yang, Xu; Kang, Jun; Song, Jing; Zhu, Yuqing; Du, Junting] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Sect Environm Biomed, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Bencheng; Xi, Zhuge] Tianjin Inst Hlth & Environm Med, Dept Hlth Toxicol, Tianjin 300050, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Rui] C;[Xi, Zhuge] T;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Sect Environm Biomed, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Tianjin Inst Hlth & Environm Med, Dept Hlth Toxicol, Tianjin 300050, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease that can be promoted by air pollutants such as PM2.5 and formaldehyde (FA). However, existent experimental evidence principally focuses on the negative influence of a single air pollutant, neglecting the possible synergistic effect in biological responses to mixture of these pollutants, a more common situation in our daily life. In this study, allergic Balb/c mice were exposed to a mixture of PM2.5 and FA, and their toxicological effects and mechanisms were explored. It is demonstrated that the combined exposure to PM2.5 and FA can greatly aggravate allergic asthma in mice. When compared with exposure to PM2.5 or FA alone, the co-exposure showed a certain synergistic effect. Increased levels of ROS, inflammatory factors and total serum immunoglobulin E were concomitant with this deterioration. Furthermore, results suggested that co-exposure exacerbated the activation of TRPV1 signal pathways, with an enhancement in substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide production, which contributed to inflammation in asthma by neurogenic inflammation. The study also proved that capsazepine treatment could reduce the levels of not only pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, but also oxidative stress. It is concluded that co-exposure to PM2.5 and FA exacerbated allergic asthma through oxidative stress and enhanced TRPV1 activation.
期刊：
Journal of Applied Phycology,2016年28(4):2265-2277 ISSN：0921-8971
通讯作者：
Yang, Shao
作者机构：
[Yang, Shao; Yang, Xiaojie; Jiang, Jinhui; Zhang, Nan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.;[Song, Lirong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Shao] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Toxic metal adsorption;Biosorbent;Complexation;Ion exchange
摘要：
The cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing is expected to be effective in toxic metal adsorption as it produces abundant exopolysaccharides with functional groups. Therefore, the adsorption properties of Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+ on fresh macrocolonies and algal powder of N. sphaeroides were compared at pH 5 and 25 °C. The adsorption capacity of fresh biomass for Pb2+ and of algal powder for Pb2+ and Cr3+ were highest in single metal solutions. Compared to the fresh biomass, the metal adsorption capacities of algal powder were similar for Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ and slightly greater for Cr3+, but they were markedly smaller for Mn2+ and Cu2+. Coexisting ions (in tap water or in multiple solutions) significantly decreased the metal adsorption capacity, except for Cr3+ in tap water. The Pb2+ and Cr3+ adsorption dynamic process fitted the pseudo-second-order model well, showing fast adsorption at the first stage in 10 and 20 min, respectively. Higher pH in acidic ranges favored the adsorption greatly. The Langmuir isotherm model was suitable for explaining the adsorption, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 116.28 and 22.37 mg g−1 for Pb2+ and Cr3+, respectively. The adsorption process was endothermic, confirmed by the significantly higher adsorption capability at higher temperature. Hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups were the main functional groups based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and they bind to metal ions via ion exchange. The results suggest that fresh macrocolonies of N. sphaeroides can be used as an effective biosorbent for metal ion removal, especially for Pb2+ and Cr3+.
作者机构：
[Li, Rui; You, Huihui; Chen, Shaohui; Yang, Xu; Mao, Lin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lab Environm Biomed, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Chenxi] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Ecol Safety Monitoring & Evaluat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zhenye] Cent China Normal Univ, Univ Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Xu; Zhang, Zhenye] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lab Environm Biomed, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Univ Hosp, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used plasticizer, has an adjuvant effect in combination with ovalbumin (OVA). The adjuvant effect of DEHP has already been verified in our previous studies. In this study, to further investigate whether thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was involved in the DEHP-adjuvant effect, DEHP was administered through a daily gavage exposure route. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to trigger allergic responses, and an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody was used to neutralize the effect of TSLP. Biomarkers including cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum total IgE and TSLP content in the lung were detected. In addition, airway hyperreactivity and lung sections were examined. Collectively, these data indicated a salient Th2 response which was characterized by the upregulation of Th2-type cytokines, such as interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13. Moreover, the eosinophil number in BALF and the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the lung were seen to have increased significantly. However, neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed the adjuvant effect of DEHP on airway inflammation, structural alterations in the airway wall and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine induced by the OVA allergen, suggesting that TSLP was an effective target site for suppressing the adjuvant effect of DEHP co-exposure.
作者机构：
[朱雨晴; 沈世萍; 杨旭; 赵云; 郭晴; 梅宇飞; 丁书茂; 尤会会; 李金泉; 李潇潇] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
通讯机构：
Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
关键词：
甲醛;卵清蛋白;小鼠;氧化损伤;炎症反应
摘要：
为探讨在单独染毒和卵清蛋白(OVA)联合致敏的条件下,甲醛灌胃染毒对小鼠造成的毒性效应,将雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为7组:对照组(蒸馏水组);OVA致敏组;2mg/(kg?d) FA(甲醛)组;20mg/(kg?d) FA组;200mg/(kg?d) FA组;200mg/(kg?d)FA+ OVA组;200mg/(kg?d) FA+ OVA +MT(褪黑素)组,以蒸馏水和不同浓度甲醛溶液灌胃,连续21d. OVA致敏组,200mg/(kg?d) FA+ OVA组,200mg/(kg?d) FA+ OVA +MT组在第6,13,20d进行腹腔注射OVA致敏;此外,200mg/(kg?d) FA+ OVA +MT组,每天用1.0mg/mL褪黑素灌胃小鼠(小鼠灌胃剂量10mg/(kg?d)),连续21d.检测肝,肾和肺组织中活性氧自由基(ROS),丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,并采用ELISA法检测肝组织中IL-4和IFN -γ的水平.结果表明,与对照组相比,甲醛浓度为200mg/(kg?d),小鼠肝脏ROS含量增加(P<0.05),MDA含量增加以及小鼠肾脏GSH含量降低,均有显著性差异(P<0.05).OVA作为致敏剂,甲醛浓度为200mg/(kg?d)时,肝组织中IL-4(Interleukin-4)含量增加(P<0.01),10mg/(kg?d)褪黑素能够降低200mg/(kg?d)甲醛+OVA染毒小鼠肝脏内ROS含量(P<0.05).综上,200mg/(kg?d)甲醛灌胃染毒能使小鼠产生氧化损伤和炎症反应, ROS, MDA水平上升(P<0.05),GSH水平下降(P<0.05),肝脏中细胞因子IL-4水平上升(P<0.01), IFN -γ水平下降(P<0.05).
摘要：
Given the extensive application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in biomedical fields, there is increasing concern regarding unintentional health impacts. Research into safe usage is therefore increasingly necessary. This study investigated the responses of the mouse brain to single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) delivered via intraperitoneal (IP) injection and compared these results with the previous study where SWCNTs were delivered via intravenous (IV) injection so as to explore which administration route is potentially better for SWCNTs application. This study suggests SWCNTs delivered via IP injection can have negative effects on the mouse brain through oxidative stress and inflammation at high concentration exposure, but these responses were not consistent and showed no dose-dependent effect. In a previous study, the results showed that IV-delivered SWCNTs induced a more consistent and dose-dependent effect. The comparison of the 2 studies suggested that using SWCNTs at a safe dosage delivered via IV injection may be a better administration route for SWCNTs in biomedical applications.
摘要：
Recent studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes and PM2.5-induced oxidative stress is now commonly known as a proposed mechanism of PM2.5-mediated toxicity. However, the association between allergic symptoms in children and exposure to PM2.5 has not been fully elucidated, particularly the role of PM2.5 on the indoor environment involved in allergy or non-allergy is unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore whether indoor PM2.5 from the homes of children with allergic symptoms had more increased risks of allergy than that of healthy ones and then compare the toxicity and inflammatory response of them. In this study, indoor PM2.5 was collected from the homes of schoolchildren with allergic symptoms and those of healthy ones respectively, and components of PM2.5 were analyzed. PM2.5-mediated oxidative damage and inflammatory response were further evaluated in mouse peritoneal macrophages based on its effects on the levels of reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage or cytokine production. It seems that oxidative stress may contribute to PM2.5-induced toxicity, and PM2.5 from the allergic indoor environment produced more serious toxic effects and an inflammatory response on mouse peritoneal macrophages than that from a non-allergic indoor environment. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The association between allergic symptoms in children and exposure to PM2.5 has not fully elucidated, especially the role of PM2.5 from indoor environment involved in allergy or non-allergy is unknown. In this study, indoor PM2.5 from the homes of schoolchildren with allergic symptoms and those of healthy ones were analyzed. It suggested that oxidative stress may contribute to PM2.5-induced toxicity, and PM2.5 from allergic indoor environment produced more serious toxic effects and inflammatory response than that from non-allergic indoor environment.
摘要：
For the prism based SPR glucose sensors, glucose sensitive membrane (GSM) is a key factor that decides the performance of sensor. GSM consists of glucose oxidase (GOD) and matrix material (for example, polyacrylamide gel, PAM). As the prism based SPR glucose sensor coated with GSM is put in the glucose solution, some glucose and dissolved oxygen can diffuse into the GSM and produce by-products, then the by-products will change the refractive index (RI) of GSM and cause the spectrum shift of SPR sensor. In this paper, our proposes are to build the quantitative relationships among the resonance angle of SPR sensor, the RI of GSM, the concentration of glucose in GSM and the concentration of glucose in solution, and then to provide an efficient research method for the GSM of optical sensors. Firstly, we have reported the fabrication and characterization of GSM which is made of immobilized GOD on SiO2 nanoparticles and polyacrylamide gel. Secondly, we have finished a serial of SPR sensing experiments and obtained the resonance spectra of SPR sensors coated with pure PAM gel film, with free GOD@PAMfilm, and with immobilized GOD@PAM film in PBS solution, respectively, also displayed their variation relationship of resonance angle with the concentration of glucose in PBS solution. Thirdly, we have investigated the effects of solution pH and the content of immobilized GOD on the performance of the sensor, and obtained the optimum solution pH and the optimum content of GOD. Finally, we have related the resonance angle of SPR sensor and the RI of GSM by the combination of SPR experiment data and theoretical simulation, related the RI of GSM and the concentration of glucose in GSM according to Gladstone-Dale mixing rule, related the concentration of glucose in GSM and the concentration of glucose in solution by using the adsorption isotherm model of GSM. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Formaldehyde and benzene are the two major indoor air pollutants due to their prevalence and toxicity. This study aimed to explore the toxic effect on the spleen and relevant immune responses of Ball* mice caused by exposure to a combination of formaldehyde and benzene. Balb/c mice were divided randomly into five groups (n = 9/group): blank control group (Ctrl); solvent ([corn] Oil) control; formaldehyde only (FA, 3 mg/m(3)); benzene only (BZ, 150 mg/kg BW); and, formaldehyde +benzene group (FA+ BZ). Exposures were performed for 8 hiday, 5 day/week, for 2 weeks. Tail blood was collected after the final exposure; 24-h later, the mice were euthanized to permit assessment of a variety of immune endpoints. The endpoints' three areas were: (1) in living mice, body weight and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses; (2) in blood, immune cell counts and serum antibody levels (serum hemagglutination); and, (3) in spleen samples, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), caspase-3 (cell apoptosis) levels and lymphocyte proliferation. In this study we fund (1) BZ and FA + BZ exposure can lead to the reduction in the number of some immune cells in peripheral blood; (2) Formaldehyde has certain synergistic effects on benzene-induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood, (3) FA, BZ and FA+ BZ exposure can lead to ROS and GSH depletion in spleen cells, and spleen cell apoptosis (caspase-3 increased) may be one of the downstream events, decreased splenic lymphocyte proliferation; and (4) the FA+ BZ combined exposure can lead to the decreased body weight, serum antibody level (by serum hemagglutination assay). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common indoor pollutant in the world, which may cause lots of harmful effects in human including diabetes according to epidemiological studies. To explore the underlying role of DEHP in diabetes-like symptoms, Balb/c mice were chose to be the experimental animals in this paper. They were separated as eight groups as follows: (1) saline+normal diet (vehicle control), (2) 10 mg/kg.day DEHP+normal diet, (3) 50 mg/kg.day DEHP+normal diet, (4) 250 mg/kg.day DEHP+normal diet, (5) streptozotocin (STZ)+high fat diet (diabetes model), (6) 10 mg/kg.day DEHP+ STZ+high fat diet, (7) 50 mg/kg.day DEHP+STZ +high fat diet, (8) 250 mg/kg.day DEHP+STZ+high fat diet. The biomarkers of this experiment include four groups: (1) general indicates: body weight and drinking water, (2) blood biomarkers: serum insulin and fasting glucose, (3) pathological examination: pancreas section and kidney section, and (4) biomarkers of oxidative stress: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver cells. Our study results demonstrate that: (1) at our treatment levels DEHP cannot directly induce diabetes, but reduce serum insulin level in DEHP-exposed non-STZ-treated animals, (2) pathological examination finds that these is a dose-dependent damage in the pancreas in DEHP- exposed STZ-treated groups, and (3) the oxidative mechanism may be involved in this pathological process.
