摘要：
We present a distributed, self-organizing and fault-tolerant readout network Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for the high-density electrode array targeting at neutrinoless double-beta decay search in Time Projection Chamber (TPC). A meter-sized plane tiled by approximately 1 x 10(5) single-electrode Topmetal-S sensors with a pitch of 5 similar to 10 mm is utilized to realize charge readout plane in a ton-scale high-pressure gaseous TPC. A sensor network is proposed under the premise of ensuring the tightness and radioactive purity of the high-pressure TPC. As a node of the network, each sensor not only generates and transmits its own data but also forwards the data from its adjacent sensors. Therefore, a Readout and Data-Routing Circuit (RDRC) is integrated into each sensor. To realize the RDRC, a distributed readout network ASIC is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS Technology. A routing algorithm called Fault-Tolerance XY (FT-XY) is implemented to avoid the faulty sensors from disabling large sections of the network. A single ASIC and a 3 x 3 network have been tested. The test results show that the throughput of the 3 x 3 network reaches 110.52 Mbit/s.
期刊：
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT,2020年978:164424 ISSN：0168-9002
通讯作者：
Zhao, Chengxin
作者机构：
[Yang, Haibo; Yu, Deyang; Li, Xianqin; Gao, Liling; Feng, Yongchun; Zhang, Yuezhao; Zhang, Honglin; Liu, Junliang; Zhao, Chengxin; Jin, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Haibo; Yu, Deyang; Zhang, Honglin; Liu, Junliang; Zhao, Chengxin; Jin, Ying] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Xiangming] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, PLAC, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Wenjian; Peng, Peng] Northwest Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Dinghao] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, Chengxin] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Low-energy heavy ion beam;Residual gas ionization profile monitor;Pixelated microchannel plate detector;Compensation fields
摘要：
In this paper, a Pixelated Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitor (RGIPM) has been proposed for the 320 kV High-Voltage Platform at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beam profile monitoring in both the horizontal and vertical directions is realized in one-meter length. A compact microchannel plate (MCP) detector with an array of the Topmetal-II- pixel ASIC as the anode is proposed for the device. The spatial resolution of the detector is expected to be comparable to the intrinsic pixel size of the anode. Compensation electric and magnetic fields have been integrated into the RGIPM to minimize the influence of the measurement fields on the transportation of low energy ion beams. This paper presents the test results of a prototype of the MCP detector and the study on the electric and magnetic fields.
通讯机构：
[Sun, XM; Yang, P] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, PLAC, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor;CEPC;Zero-suppression data-driven readout;ENC;SEL;SEU
摘要：
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is proposed as a Higgs factory to produce adequate events, which are the basis for high-precision measurements of the Higgs boson. The vertex detector in the CEPC should meet the requirements of a low material budget, high spatial resolution, fast readout speed and low power consumption. A monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) has been selected as the most promising technology for the vertex detector. The MIC4 sensor is the first prototype developed within the preliminary R&D activities of the CEPC vertex detector. It has been implemented in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process. It measures 3.1 mm x 4.6 mm and features a 128 row x 64 column pixel array with a pixel pitch of 25 mu m. In this work, a binary front-end has been designed for a compact pixel combined with a sparsified readout circuitry. Each pixel is composed of an amplifier, a shaper, a discriminator and digital logic. A new asynchronous zero-suppression data-driven readout circuit architecture is proposed and implemented in MIC4. We have performed some initial tests on this chip and obtained detailed results. The front-end features a peaking time below 1 mu s, a shaping time less than 3 mu s, a charge threshold of approximately 100 e(-), an average temporal noise (TN) of 6 e(-) and a fixed pattern noise (FPN) of 36 e(-). The addresses of the fired pixels can be readout in the digital part of the chip at a clock running at 30 MHz with the new data-driven readout circuit architecture. The hit map under Fe-55 X-ray exposure shows that the sensor designed in MIC4 works well. The probability of single event latch-up (SEL) sigma(SEL) is 1.02 x 10(-6) cm(2) at a linear energy transfer (LET) of 20.05 MeV cm(2)/mg.
摘要：
Single-event latchups (SELs) are easily triggered when high-energy heavy ions attack the sensitive parts of integrated circuits (ICs). The main strategy to improve the ability of ICs to resist SELs is to thoroughly evaluate the sensitivities of all parts, which requires that the SEL be located with high accuracy. We have proposed a method of using silicon pixel sensors as the positioning chips to track single heavy ions and obtain the hit points attacked on an IC through analysis of ion tracks. The method can locate SELs and obtain a distribution map of sensitive parts with high accuracy. In this paper, we present the first image of a single heavy ion in our prototype detector using Topmetal-II-sensors as the positioning chips. The test results show that the detector can locate heavy ions with a position resolution better than 7 mu m and angular resolution better than 0.3 degrees. The maximum measurable flux of the heavy ion beam can reach 10(5) ions/(cm(2).s) in future if a high-readout rate positioning chip is adopted.
摘要：
This paper presents a novel six-transistor (6T) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell, which uses only one bit line and applies an additional switch to cut the competition path during the write access. The proposed 6T SRAM cell has been applied in a pixel array detector to configure a digital-to-analog converter in each pixel to improve the charge threshold uniformity. Compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell, the proposed 6T SRAM cell features lower power consumption and smaller area. Simulation results show the power consumption is reduced by about 43% and all the transistors are designed by minimum size to reduce the area but without the performance degradation. The test results show that the novel 6T SRAM cell works very well.
通讯机构：
[Huang, GM; Sun, XM] C;Ctr China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, PLAC, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
11th International Hiroshima Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD) in conjunction with 2nd Workshop on SOI Pixel Detector (SOIPIX)
会议时间：
DEC 11-15, 2017
会议地点：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ, Okinawa, JAPAN
会议主办单位：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ
关键词：
Topmetal;Pixel;Low noise readout chip;CdZnTe;Leakage current;Induced signal simulation
摘要：
In order to solve the leakage current saturation of Topmetal-II- and to maintain its low noise, Topmetal-IIa has been designed. The new chip has the same Rolling-Shutter module as Topmetal-II-. It contains a charge-collection electrode and a metal layer surrounding it, called guard ring. This new design contains three different sections. Section A has the same structure as Topmetal-II-, in that the electrode is exposed and guard ring is covered by insulating layer. Section B has both electrode and guard ring exposed. Section C has guard ring exposed but electrode covered by insulating layer. Preliminary experiments show that if coupled with CdZnTe detector, Section C of the Topmetal-IIa chip is capable of solving the leakage current saturation. Meanwhile, the electrode receives induced signal. Moreover, the charge induction efficiency is influenced by several parameters, such as thickness of adhesive epoxy resin, collecting electrode size, etc. Thus, the optimization of parameters for induction efficiency is studied by simulations. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that thinner epoxy resin thickness and bigger anode size contribute to higher induction efficiency.
会议名称：
11th International Hiroshima Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD) in conjunction with 2nd Workshop on SOI Pixel Detector (SOIPIX)
会议时间：
DEC 11-15, 2017
会议地点：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ, Okinawa, JAPAN
会议主办单位：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ
关键词：
Serial link transmitter;MAPS;Radiation tolerance;Reed-Solomon code;Serializer;FEC
期刊：
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT,2019年924:82-86 ISSN：0168-9002
通讯作者：
Zhang, Ying
作者机构：
[Huang, Guangming; Xiao, Le; Zhang, Li; Li, Yashu; Zhou, Wei; Yang, Ping; Ren, Weiping; Sun, Xiangming; Liu, Jianchao; You, Bihui; Gao, Chaosong; Liu, Jun; Huang, Xing] Cent China Normal Univ, PLAC, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Ying] State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Ying] Inst High Energy Phys, 19B YuquanLu, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Ying] I;Inst High Energy Phys, 19B YuquanLu, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
11th International Hiroshima Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD) in conjunction with 2nd Workshop on SOI Pixel Detector (SOIPIX)
会议时间：
DEC 11-15, 2017
会议地点：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ, Okinawa, JAPAN
会议主办单位：
Okinawa Inst sci & Technol Grad Univ
关键词：
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS);In-matrix zero-suppression;Vertex detector;CEPC
摘要：
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is proposed as a Higgs factory for precision measurement of properties of the Higgs boson. The CEPC vertex detector requires low material budget, high spatial resolution, fast readout and low power consumption. Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS), as one of the promising candidate technologies, has been studied within the R&D activities for the CEPC vertex detector. This proceeding introduces recent development of a MAPS prototype using the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS Image Sensor process. Two different binary front-end circuits have been designed to explore an in-pixel front-end structure suitable for a compact pixel in combination with an in-matrix sparsified readout circuitry. To achieve high granularity together with fast readout speed, a new architecture of asynchronous data-driven matrix readout has been implemented. The prototype contains 128 rows and 64 columns featuring a small pixel pitch of 25 mu m. The address of one hit pixel can be read out in 25 ns. This work presents the design of the prototype, which is currently under test.
作者机构：
[Huang, Guangming; Deng, Wenjing; Zhou, Wei; Sun, Xiangming; Gao, Chaosong; Guo, Di] Cent China Normal Univ, PLAC, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
通讯机构：
[Huang, Guangming] C;Cent China Normal Univ, PLAC, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
time interval measurement;time-to-digital converter (TDC);coarse-fine architecture;analog-digital hybrid interpolation;calibration
摘要：
An innovative high-precision coarse-fine time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. The TDC architecture mainly consists of a coarse counter and a delay-line-based analog-digital hybrid interpolator. In order to improve the precision, the key timing control of the interpolator is provided by a novel customized synchronizer. Comparing to the traditional delay-line-based interpolator, the proposed analog-digital hybrid interpolator using the multi-voltage sampling technique improves the resolution significantly. A prototype chip has been fabricated in a 0.35 mu m CMOS process. After the calibration and calculation based on fitting algorithms, the TDC prototype reaches a dynamic range of 512 ns and a single-channel single-shot precision of 6 ps using the external look-up table (LUT) for the interpolator.
摘要：
In this paper, we study how pixel size influences energy resolution for a proposed pixelated detector—a high sensitivity, low cost, and real-time radon monitor based on a Topmetal-
$${II}^-$$
time projection chamber (TPC). This monitor was designed to improve spatial resolution for detecting radon alpha particles using Topmetal-
$${II}^-$$
sensors assembled by a 0.35 μm CMOS integrated circuit process. Owing to concerns that small pixel size might have the side effect of worsening energy resolution due to lower signal-to-noise ratio, a Geant4-based simulation was used to investigate the dependence of energy resolution on pixel sizes ranging from 60 to 600 μm. A non-monotonic trend in this region shows the combined effect of pixel size and threshold on pixels, analyzed by introducing an empirical expression. Pixel noise contributes 50 keV full-width at half-maximum energy resolution for 400 μm pixel size at 1–4
$$\sigma$$
threshold that is comparable to the energy resolution caused by energy fluctuations in the TPC ionization process (
$$\sim \,20$$
keV). The total energy resolution after combining both factors is estimated to be 54 keV for a pixel size of 400 μm at 1–4
$$\sigma$$
threshold. The analysis presented in this paper would help choosing suitable pixel size for future pixelated detectors.
通讯机构：
[Fan, Yan] C;Cent China Normal Univ, PLAC, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys, MOE,Dept Phys Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bragg peak;Carbon ion;Prompt c-ray;Geant4
摘要：
Real-time monitoring of the Bragg peak location of carbon ions is urgently required for the quality control of hadron therapy. In this study, we design an annular detector to monitor the Bragg peak location of carbon ions with Geant4 simulation. This 360° surrounding structure has a high detection efficiency for the small-dose situation. The detector consists of a multilayered collimator system and an NaI scintillator for prompt gamma counting. The multilayered collimator includes a lead layer to prevent unwanted gammas and the paraffin and boron carbide layers to moderate and capture fast neutrons. An inclination of the detector further diminishes the background signal caused by neutrons. The detector, with optimized parameters, is applicable to carbon ions of different energies. In addition, the scintillator is replaced by an improved EJ301 organic liquid scintillator to discriminate gammas and neutrons. Inserting thin Fe slices into the liquid scintillator improves the energy deposition efficiency. The Bragg peak location of 200 MeV/u carbon ions can be monitored by prompt gamma detection with the improved liquid scintillator.
