The services of animal pollinators that deliver compatible pollen to receptive stigmas are essential for the reproduc-tion of many flowering plants[1,2].The maintenance of plant-pollinator interac-tions,therefore,is the basis for the func-tion and sustainability of healthy ecosys-tems.For this reason,there has been widespread concern over the past two decades about the global decline in pol-linators and the effects of this loss on pollina...