Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M) and the Center for Research in Energy and Environment at the Missouri University of Science and Technology for providing facilities. In particular, the authors share their gratitude to Dr. Wenyan Liu for the technical training, Dr. Tao Kong for his advice, and Dr. Casey Burton for editing this manuscript. The authors thank PerkinElmer, Inc. for providing the NexION 350D ICP–MS used in this study, Dr. Katie Shannon for access to the optical microscope, and Dr. Nuran Ercal for access to the flow cytometer. Finally, this study was financially supported by the Group of Molecular and Behavioral Ecology in Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; Tulsa Metropolitan Utility Authority, Tulsa, OK, USA; and Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA.
