Anti-collision protocols have long been an important research field in RFID systems, and the collision tree (CT) protocol is very typical. Some researchers have improved CT to achieve better performance. However, these schemes still encounter the problem of too many collisions occurring at the beginning of the tags identification. In order to reduce the initial redundant collision, we propose a Probability-based Query Tree protocol (PQT). PQT divides all tags into several small subsets before the tags to be identified, and the protocol is composed of three parts: Inverse Probability Function (...