Teacher self-efficacy of information and communication technology (ICT) has an important impact on ICT-based teaching. Teacher ICT self-efficacy is not only influenced by their individual characteristics, but also by various environmental conditions provided by their schools. Studies on teacher ICT self-efficacy have focused on factors at the teacher level, however, have overlooked school environments. To investigate the impact of school environments and teacher characteristics on teacher ICT self-efficacy, this study used a multilevel approach...
