Group spawning, polyandry reproductive behaviors, and multiple paternity are increasingly reported in anuran species. The Omei treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis), endemic to subtropical and mountainous forests of central and southwestern China, is a polyandrous lek-patterned breeder commonly showing multiple males-one female matings during the breeding season. To detect the traits of social and genetic polyandry in this species and explore the relationships between these traits, we investigated the breeding behaviors of a population of R. omeimo...