Cultivating students' information literacy is becoming increasingly important for teachers in the 21st century; however, teachers' competence to develop students' information literacy (TCDSIL) is far from satisfying. To foster TCDSIL, its influencing factors and promotion strategies need to be studied. However, prior studies on TCDSIL mainly investigate the influencing factors from a single-level perspective and neglect the potential relationship of school context on TCDSIL. In order to fill this gap and provide a deeper understanding of the complex system of TCDSIL, this study surveyed 9909 t...