Abstract In the developing course of Western market economics ,the concept of economic fairness had varied obviously. A. Smith and J. S. Mill pointed out , the economic fairness refers to changes that people gain incomes and gather wealth are equal. But A. C. Digou considered , the economic fairness means that changes are equal and distributing results are also fair. The evolution of western conception of economic fairness enlightens us that we cannot go to extremes from one side to another, the behavior stressing unilaterally economic efficiency and ignoring distribution fairness will go agai...