To investigate the impact of floods on aquatic plants, many studies have focused on water characteristics, such as the frequency and magnitude of water fluctuations and flooding duration. However, the silt, sand, and nutrients carried by floods have received less attention. In artificially fluctuating water with silted sediment, we grew three submerged species with similar canopy-forming growth habits in mixtures: rooted hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L. f.] Royle), rooted Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spica-tum L.), and rootless coontail {Ceratophyllum demersum L.). We observed that s...
