The modal adverb míngmíng(明明) has two mood expressing functions with one emphasizing the obviousness of judgment and the other the absoluteness of the fact.Both of them express strong affirmation,which is,to a certain extent,subjective in nature,but the former has a higher degree of subjectivity than the latter.The subjectivity of míngmíng becomes explicit only in specific sentences,and it is restricted by the semantic background when it is used in a sen-tence.The two different emphatic uses of míngmíng are realized against two differ...