期刊论文

Maria Theresa’s Enlightened Absolutism Reform and the Modern Transformation of Austria

中文

世界历史

1002-011X

2022

3

80-97

本校为第一机构

18世纪40年代,奥地利新君主玛丽亚·特蕾西亚在启蒙哲学感召和内外交困形势逼迫下,接受“开明专制”理念,开启了奥地利的近代化转型。这种近代化转型体现为玛丽亚·特蕾西亚抛弃哈布斯堡家族的宗教虔敬传统,接受启蒙哲学和官房主义的新治国理念,将新的统治理念注入执政实践中,在多个领域进行改革。玛丽亚·特蕾西亚推行的改革对于奥地利国家和社会的近代化转型产生了重大影响。她推行的行政管理改革和军事改革提升了奥地利的国家治理效能;促进经济发展的改革政策繁荣了国家经济,奠定了提升民众生活水平的物质基础;农业和财税领域的改革使社会关系破除传统等级制度的藩篱,促进传统社会向更平等的...

In the 1740s,the new Austrian monarch,Maria Theresa,who was inspired by the Enlightenment philosophy and forced by the situation of domestic and foreign difficulties,accepted the concept of‘Enlightened Absolutism ’ and started the modern transformation of Austria. This modern transformation was reflected in the facts that Maria Theresa abandoned the religious piety tradition of the House of Habsburg,accepted the new governing concept of the Enlightenment philosophy and Cameralism,put new ruling ideas into ruling practice,and carried out the r...