Side effects of drugs have gained increasing attention in the biomedical field, and accurate identification of drug side effects is essential for drug development and drug safety surveillance. Although the traditional pharmacological experiments can accurately detect the side effects of drugs, the identifying process is time-consuming, costly, and may lead to incomplete identification of side effects. With the expanding of various biomedical databases, many computational methods have been developed for the task of drug-side effect associations (DSAs) prediction. However, existing methods have ...
