The main aim of this study was to investigate whether and how interpersonal uncertainty results in mobile phone addiction. Sampling 997 Chinese college students, we found that interpersonal uncertainty had positive predictive power for mobile phone addiction, and social and emotional loneliness mediated the link between interpersonal uncertainty and mobile phone addiction. Additionally, optimism moderated the direct effect of interpersonal uncertainty on mobile phone addiction and the first-stage mediating effect of interpersonal uncertainty on mobile phone addiction through social and emotion...