The phenomenon of"collaboration"is not only a strategy to avoid responsibility but also a manifestation of the flexibility of grassroots governments and an important source of innovation in grassroots governance.The "government-society collaboration"formed in some places is a flexi-ble governance strategy adopted by grassroots governments.Based on case studies of grassroots gov-ernments purchasing social services,this research extends the "collaboration theory"and extracts a theoretical framework for "government society collaboration"to...