This work was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (2013ZX07503-001-06), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province , China (2014CFB461), self-determined research funds of CCNU from the colleges’ basic research and operation of MOE (CCNU14A05017), National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAK08B02), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2013 AA122301), the Scientific Research Foundation for Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering (JS201302). We are grateful to the reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve this paper. We are also grateful to Chao Zuo at Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral & Intelligence Sense, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, for providing us with infrared imagery.