The paper presents the method of medical images similarity estimation based on feature extraction and analysis. The proposed method has been developed for and tested on rat brain histological images, however, it can be applied for other types of medical images, since the general approach is based on consideration of the shape of core components present in a given template image. The proposed method can be used in image analysis tools in a wide range of image-based medical investigations, in particular, in the brain researches. The theoretical b...