Hua-Yi differentiation and Jun-Chen interpretation are core issues of cultural debates of the early Qing Dynasty, with Zeng Jing Case of the Yongzheng period and Dayi Juemi Lu a typical miniature. Adherents of the Ming regarded the Qing Monarch as usurpers, taking Hua-Yi differentiation and Jun-Chen interpretation as an ideological weapon against the orthodoxy and legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty in order to seek their own initiative in the cultural order. The Qing Monarch with Yongzheng as representative was striving for "World domination, Hua Yi unity" as the basis, and "loyalty to the throne"...
