A composite bionanomaterial was prepared by combining Nafion, flowerlike cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles, hemoglobin (Hb), and ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Then it was further applied on the surface of a carbon ionic liquid working electrode fabricated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate as the modifier. Ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results indicated that Hb molecules in the composite film retained the native structure. Cyclic voltammetric results showed that a ...
