BackgroundLittle is known about the effectiveness of instructors when presenting content in videos alone. In recent years, researchers have increasingly begun to explore the effects of instructors' social cues (e.g., eye gaze, body orientation, etc.) on learning. However, previous studies exploring the effects of eye gaze have confounded the role of body orientation, while studies exploring body orientation have confounded the role of eye gaze.ObjectivesTo explore the role of direct gaze and body orientation in learning with instructional videos, absent an instructional screen, in a less confo...
