Through a combination of literature reviews,online surveys,and case analyses,this study classifies open peer review models based on the leading entities as the primary criterion.Utilizing synergy theory,the paper categorizes open peer review models and analyzes the collaborative operation mechanisms from three aspects:open entities,open forms,and open processes.The existing open peer review models can be categorized into four major types:traditional academic journals,preprint platforms,open publishing platforms,and open review communities.Further subtypes are derived based on the specific char...
