Wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs) play a major role in remote medical monitoring systems. Generally, in a WMSN, professionals need to obtain real-time physiological data of patients, and these data often encounter various security and privacy issues during the transmission process. Thus, the secure transmission of data is particularly critical. To ensure data security and patient privacy, many authentication schemes have been proposed. However, most of the existing schemes either cannot withstand known attacks (such as privileged-insider...