In this study, we report the desirable conversion of H2O2 to [rad]OH with aquifer sediment activated by ascorbic acid. Although aquifer sediment contained various iron minerals, such as goethite, hematite, montmorillonite, muscovite, chlorite and phlogopite, it could not efficiently activate H2O2 to produce [rad]OH. Interestingly, the presence of ascorbic acid dramatically promoted the [rad]OH conversion efficiency of H2O2 by aquifer sediment to remediate organic contaminants in groundwater, which was ascribed to the efficient iron cycle of aqu...