By using a combined closed and free-fleld stimulation system, binaurality and azimuth tuning of the neurons in the auditory cortex of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, were studied. A variety of azimuth-tuning functions were demonstrated for the binaural neurons. The large majority of EE (contralateral and ipsilateral excitatory) neurons exhibited azimuth selectivity with the best azimuths (BA) at contralateral 30degrees-40degrees, some at ipsilateral 20degrees-40degrees and preferred azimuth ranges (PAR, response amplitude >75% of maximum) between 8degrees and 40degrees. Sound source azimu...