With the advances in smart vehicles and fog computing, Fog computing is extended to traditional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). As a geographically distributed paradigm, Vehicle Fog Service (VFS) overcomes the limitations of VANETs in real-time response and location awareness. It supports a wide range of traffic information services, such as road warnings, congestion control, and autonomous driving. Secure communication between VFS entities is a critical problem in an open network. Meanwhile, most fog nodes are deployed in the public domain and are vulnerable to physical attacks. This pape...
