Pure rutile nanorods were synthesized by hydrolysis of TiCl4 ethanolic solution in water at 50 °C. The assembly of rutile nanorods could be controlled through simply changing the molar ratios of TiCl4, ethanol, and water, resulting in different superstructures with flower- or urchinlike morphologies. The resulting samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, highresolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum. A possible mechanism for the growth and assembly of ruti...
