In the current vertical government governance institution dominated by accountability,the upward centralization of control has narrowed the window of collusive behavior.Then what are the coping mechanisms that grassroots gov⁃ernments will use to replace collusion?The st...MORE In the current vertical government governance institution dominated by accountability,the upward centralization of control has narrowed the window of collusive behavior.Then what are the coping mechanisms that grassroots gov⁃ernments will use to replace collusion?The st...