Manuscript received August 30, 2018; revised March 29, 2019; accepted April 9, 2019. Date of publication April 15, 2019; date of current version June 17, 2019. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61877027. (Corresponding author: Xu Du.) J.-L. Hung is with the National Engineering Laboratory for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China, and the Department of Educational Technology, Boise, ID 83725, USA (e-mail: andyhung@boisestate.edu). B. E. Shelton is with the Department of Educational Technology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA (e-mail: brettshelton@boisestate.edu). J. Yang and X. Du are with the National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China (e-mail: yangjuan_hust@163.com; duxu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TLT.2019.2911072