Energy efficiency is of vital importance for wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs). In order to keep the nodes active as long as possible, it is essential to maximize the lifetime of a given multicast tree. However, hop count is generally an important metric for WANETs, and any efficient routing protocol should have low hop count. The problem of generating the optimized energy efficient routing protocol for WANETs is NP-hard. Any workable heuristic solution is, therefore, highly desirable in this case. To take into account the tradeoff between the lifetime and the hop count in routing of multicast...
