With the advancement of digital technologies, big data and learning analytics have become prevalent in the higher education. Various student-facing systems increased the amount of data available to students, and whether students can use big data and learning analytics effectively will affect their academic success. Most studies, however, have focused on how teachers and administrative personnel use student data to make data-driven instruction and management decisions. As a result, little attention has been given to students' use of relevant data that generated by big data and learning analytic...
