It has become increasingly crucial to implement the precise determination of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in biosystems since the abnormal level of H 2 S may induce various diseases. However, due to the high volatility and fast catabolism of H 2 S, traditional H 2 S detection methods are confronted with great challenges. Fortunately, the development of optical nanotechnology sheds new light on the real-time and sensitive detection of intracellular or subcellular H 2 S. Nanomaterials emerged as potential candidates for the optical detection of biomo...