Urban and rural compulsory education in county areas is an important part of Chinese education. Most of primary and middle school students are going to county schools. Therefore, the county schools are playing an important role in balanced development of compulsory education, equalization of basic education, and narrowing the gap between urban and rural education. This paper analyzed the urban and rural compulsory education development in county areas on the basis of research in several provinces. We found that the fundamental problem of compul...