Background In the era defined by the fourth paradigm of science research, the burgeoning volume of science data poses a formidable challenge. The established data-related requisites within science literacy now fall short of addressing the evolving needs of researchers and STEM students. Consequently, the emergence of science data literacy becomes imperative. However, notwithstanding the escalating importance of science data literacy, a comprehensive definition and conceptual framework are still elusive, posing challenges to effective assessment.Results This study analyzes the science literacy ...