Nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)(-)-N) loss is a significant contributor to water quality degradation in agricultural catchments. The amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer input in citrus orchard is relatively large and results in significant NO(3)(-)-N loss, compared to cropland. To promote sustainable N fertilizer management, it is crucial to identify the sources of runoff NO(3)(-)-N loss in citrus orchards catchments. Particularly, we poorly know the sources of NO(3)(-)-N and the mitigation mechanisms in these areas, which are highly polluted with NO(3)(...