Zheng Guan-ying was a representative transformed from a comprador capitalist to a national capitalist. Zheng Guan-ying's economic ideas are embodied in his book Shengshi Weiyan. He made critical remarks about the traditional policy of "agriculture over commerce" in the historical development. He advocated "commercial revitalization" and took "business as the foundation of the country". He called on "a business war" against the western powers, resisting the capitalist economic aggression and safeguarding the national economic interests....