A WSN (wireless sensor network) consists of thousands of sensor nodes with limited energy, memory, and computation capability. The applications of WSN in some extreme environment make sensor nodes difficult to replace once they use up the resource. Hence, many researchers in this field focus on how to design a property routing protocol to prolong the life span of the network. The classical hierarchical protocols such as LEACH and LEACH-C have better performance in saving the energy consumption. However, the choosing formula neglecting the change of nodes' energy will make the nodes acting as c...
