Human activities have recently caused severe destruction of Sphagnum wetlands in subtropical high-mountain regions, calling for urgent efforts to restore Sphagnum wetlands. Through a greenhouse experiment in western Hubei, China, we studied the effects of different substrate types (peat and mountain soil) and different levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 2, 4, 6, 10 g m −2 year −1 ) and phosphorus (P) (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 g m −2 year −1 ) on the growth of Sphagnum palustre, which was evaluated by four growth indicators: length growth, number of capitu...