Purpose: Studying the response of soil moisture (θ) to rainfall is highly significant for comprehending water transport and balance. Nevertheless, the response of θ to rainfall in pristine forest land and farmland after forest reclamation in the Chinese red soil region is rarely compared. Methods: In this study, the θ dynamics and the response characteristics of θ to rainfall in upland field (UF), paddy field (PF), and forest land (FL) were revealed, with continuous and high-frequency θ monitoring data at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 70cm depths, re...