The authors wish to thank all the colleagues that have given permission to reproduce figures from their articles. Also they thank Dr. R. Dmowska, Harvard University, who encouraged us to write this chapter, and Drs. J. Mezcua, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, and A. F. Espinosa de los Monteros, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado for their help. This work was partially supported by Dirección General de Investigatión Cientifica y Técnica, Spain, project PB92-0184 and the European Community DG XII, EPOCH, CT91-0042. Publication No. 354 of the Dpto. de Geofísica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid.