The cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III, cyt bc1) is an essential component of cellular respiration. Cyt bc1 has three core subunits that are required for its catalytic activity: cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP). Although most fungicides inhibit this enzyme by binding to the cytochrome b subunit, resistance to these fungicides has developed rapidly due to their widespread application. Resistance is mainly associated with mutations in cytochrome b, the only subunit encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Recently, the ...
