The Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) is used to test scientific reasoning ability of college students in China and the USA. The comparison shows gender differences in the USA are much more significant than those in China in the total av- erage score. Their gender differences exist in all of six dimensions and most test items. Though Chinese female students and male students have achieved considerable results in sci- entific reasoning and scientific knowledge compared with international researches, the low proportion of wo...