In the transitional rural society of China,with the intervention of the state power and the weakening of traditional authority,the community of village life tends to decline,and farmers’ petition behavior caused by contradictions and disputes in daily life is widespread.The petition system has become a weapon for people on the edge of villages to fight against the mainstream society,creating a “political opportunity structure” for their petition behaviors.Addressing the challenges of marginal people has become a “surplus” problem in villag...