As a population-based intelligence algorithm, fireworks algorithm simulates the fireworks' explosion process to solve optimisation problem. A comprehensive study on enhanced fireworks algorithm (EFWA) reveals that the explosion operator generates too much sparks for the best firework limits the exploration ability. A hybrid version of EFWA (HFWA_DE) is proposed by adding the differential evolution (DE) operator. In HFWA_DE, the population is divided into two subpopulations, then each subpopulation evolves with FWA operator and DE operator separately and exchanges the elitist individual. Experi...
